Qhov txawv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH nyob ntawm daim ntawv uas lawv muaj. NAD+ yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv oxidized thaum NADH nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txo. Ntawm qhov tod tes, NADPH yog tus neeg sawv cev txo qis uas muaj pab pawg phosphate ntxiv dua NADH.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) yog coenzyme tam sim no hauv cov kab mob lom. NADH yog daim ntawv txo qis ntawm NAD+ Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) kuj yog ib qho coenzyme uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anabolic. Nws ua haujlwm raws li tus neeg sawv cev txo qis hauv lipid thiab nucleic acid synthesis. Tag nrho cov NAD+, NADH thiab NADPH yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ke hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv enzyme-catalyzed metabolic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH.
NAD yog dab tsi+?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) yog co-enzyme. Nws muaj cov vitamin B rov qab. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho dej-soluble compound. NAD+feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox. Raws li nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nws tuaj yeem ua tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing. Nws oxidizes lwm cov tebchaw thiab hloov mus rau nws daim ntawv txo uas yog NADH.
Daim duab 01: NAD + Oxidation thiab Txo
NAD+ yog siv ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme-catalyzed, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev hloov hluav taws xob thaum lub sij hawm ua pa ntawm tes. Synthesis ntawm NAD+ tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev denovo siv cov tshuaj pib aspartate thiab tryptophan. Tsis tas li ntawd, synthesis kuj tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov kho ntawm niacin uas tau muab los ntawm kev noj haus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev noj zaub mov kom zoo los tswj cov qib NAD+ hauv lub cev.
NADH yog dab tsi?
NADH yog qhov txo qis ntawm NAD+ Nws kuj yog coenzyme. Nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug txo tus neeg sawv cev thiab oxidizes nws tus kheej thaum txo lwm yam compound. Li no, NADH yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catabolic raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, NADH ua raws li coenzyme hauv lub voj voog citric acid.
NADH kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm rau ntau cov enzymes xws li cawv dehydrogenase, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, NADH muaj cov haujlwm hepatoprotective thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txo cov roj cholesterol thiab ntshav siab.
Daim duab 02: NADH
Synthesis of NADH kuj zoo ib yam li NAD+. Yog li, tib yam pib tebchaw; aspartate thiab tryptophan koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm NADH. Tsis tas li ntawd, niacin lossis vitamin B kuj koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas ntawm NADH.
NADPH yog dab tsi?
NADPH sawv cev rau Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate. Raws li lub npe qhia, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm NADH, muaj ib pab pawg phosphate ntxiv hauv NADPH. Nws yog ib qho coenzyme uas ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev txo qis hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anabolic. Tsis tas li, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lipid metabolism thiab nucleic acid metabolism.
Figure 03: NADPH
Synthesis lossis tiam ntawm NADPH feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev pentose phosphate. Tsis tas li ntawd, NADPH yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme uas siv NADH kinase. Hauv mitochondria, NADH kinase hloov NADH rau NADPH. Hauv cov nroj tsuag, NADPH tsim tshwm sim thaum lub teeb pom kev ntawm photosynthesis.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH?
- NAD+, NADH thiab NADPH yog coenzymes.
- Thiab, lawv ua raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv metabolic.
- Tsis tas li, lawv yog cov khoom siv ntawm Vitamin B3 lossis niacin lossis nicotinamide.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb los tswj cov metabolism hauv lub cev.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH?
NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH yog cov sib txuas tseem ceeb hauv cov hlwb uas yog co-enzymes. NAD+ yog daim ntawv oxidized ntawm NADH thaum NADH yog daim ntawv txo ntawm NAD+ NADPH kuj yog ib qho coenzyme uas txawv ntawm NADH vim muaj nyob. ntawm ib pab pawg phosphate ntxiv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH. Ntxiv mus, NAD+ yog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing thaum NADH thiab NADPH txo cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, NAD+ thiab NADH tau koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catabolic thaum NADPH koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anabolic. Yog li, nws yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH.
Ib qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH yog tias tryptophan thiab aspartic acid yog cov tshuaj pib ntawm NAD+ thiab NADH synthesis thaum NADPH synthesis tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev pentose phosphate. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no muab cov lus qhia ntxiv txog qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH.
Summary – NAD+ vs NADH vs NADPH
NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH yog coenzymes uas koom nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv yog cov derivatives ntawm vitamin B3 los yog niacin. Lawv koom nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm NAD+ NADH thiab NADPH, NAD+ yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv oxidized ntawm NADH thaum NADH yog daim ntawv txo NAD +NADPH, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj ib pab pawg phosphate ntxiv dua NADH thiab tsim los ntawm txoj kev pentose phosphate. Tsis tas li ntawd, NAD+ thiab NADH koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catabolic thaum NADPH koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anabolic. Tsis tas li, NAD+ yog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing thaum NADH thiab NADPH txo cov neeg ua haujlwm.
