Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab germanium yog tias Germanium muaj d electrons, tab sis Silicon tsis muaj d electrons.
Silicon thiab germanium, yog ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg (pab pawg 14) ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj plaub lub electrons nyob rau sab nrauv lub zog. Ntxiv mus, lawv tshwm sim hauv ob lub xeev oxidation, +2 thiab +4. Silicon thiab germanium sib piv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg vim ob leeg yog metalloids. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm silicon thiab germanium ib yam nkaus.
Silicon yog dab tsi?
Silicon yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg nrog atomic tooj 14, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv pawg 14 ntawm lub sijhawm lub sijhawm, qis dua carbon. Peb tuaj yeem pom nws los ntawm lub cim Si. Nws txoj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p 2 Silicon tuaj yeem tshem plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tsim ib qho +4 them cation, lossis nws tuaj yeem faib cov electrons los ua plaub daim ntawv cog lus.
Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm silicon li metalloid vim nws muaj ob qho tib si hlau thiab nonmetal. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab inert metalloid khoom. Lub melting point ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 1414 o C, thiab lub boiling point yog 3265 o C. Silicon hauv crystal daim ntawv yog nkig heev. Nws tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj raws li ntshiab silicon nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej. Feem ntau, nws tshwm sim raws li oxide lossis silicate.
Vim cov silicon tiv thaiv nrog txheej txheej oxide, nws tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij no yuav tsum tau kub siab rau nws cov oxidation. Piv txwv li, silicon reacts nrog fluorine nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, Silicon tsis hnov mob nrog acids tab sis reacts nrog concentrated alkalis.
Daim duab 01: Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Silicon
Muaj ntau qhov kev lag luam siv ntawm silicon. Silicon yog ib qho semiconductor, yog li ntawd, siv hauv computers thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Muaj ntau yam kev siv cov khoom siv silicon xws li silica lossis silicates hauv ceramic, iav thiab cement industries.
Germanium yog dab tsi?
Tus kws tshawb fawb Clemens Winkler pom Germanium hauv xyoo 1886. Peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lub ntsiab lus no los ntawm lub cim Ge, thiab nws tus lej atomic yog 32. Qhov no yog nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm, hauv qab Si. Nws txoj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p64s23d10 4p2 Ge yog ib qho metalloid muaj cov qauv siv lead ua zoo ib yam li cov pob zeb diamond. Nws yog tawv, nkig thiab muaj xim grey-dawb. Lub melting point ntawm Ge yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 937 o C, thiab qhov kub ntawm qhov kub yog 2830 oC.
Peb tuaj yeem pom Germanium ib txwm nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov xws li briartite, germanite, thiab argyrodite. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj tsib qhov tshwm sim ntawm isotopes, thiab. Txawm li cas los xij, Ge yog cov isotope feem ntau, uas muaj 36% abundance.
Daim duab 02: Pom ntawm Germanium
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom no yog tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev zoo ib yam li silicon. Germanium yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis hnov mob nrog dilute acids thiab alkali daws. Zoo li Silicon, peb siv Germanium kuj yog cov khoom siv semiconductor hauv transistors thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Ntxiv mus, Germanium feem ntau muaj ob qho tib si +4 thiab +2 oxidation xeev, tab sis feem ntau tshwm sim hauv +4 xeev. Thaum peb nthuav tawm cov khoom no mus rau huab cua, nws maj mam hloov mus rau hauv daim ntawv dioxide, GeO2
Qhov txawv ntawm Silicon thiab Germanium yog dab tsi?
Silicon yog cov khoom siv tshuaj nrog tus lej atomic 14 thiab cov cim tshuaj Si thaum germanium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog atomic tooj 32 thiab cov cim tshuaj yog Ge. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab germanium yog Germanium muaj d electrons, tab sis Silicon tsis muaj d electrons. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm silicon yog 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p2 thiab cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm germanium yog 1s2 2s2 2p 63s23p64s2 3d 10 4p2 Yog li ntawd, raws li qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab germanium, peb tuaj yeem hais cov kev teeb tsa no.
Ntxiv mus, germanium atom muaj lub vojvoog loj dua li silicon. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab germanium yog tias, hauv qee qhov kub, germanium muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua li silicon. Yog li, cov conductivity ntawm germanium yog siab dua.
Summary – Silicon vs Germanium
Ob leeg silicon thiab germanium muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li semiconductors. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm silicon thiab germanium. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm silicon thiab germanium yog tias Germanium muaj d electrons, tab sis Silicon tsis muaj d electrons.
