Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab nucleoside yog qhov nucleotide muaj phosphate pawg thaum nucleoside tsis muaj phosphate pawg.
Nucleosides thiab nucleotides yog ib hom zoo sib xws ntawm cov molecules uas txawv los ntawm kev hloov pauv me ntsis. Ob leeg nucleotide thiab nucleoside yog tsim los ntawm tib ob yam; ib tug pentose qab zib thiab ib tug nitrogenous puag. Tsis tas li ntawd, nucleotide muaj ib lossis ntau pawg phosphate. Li no, los ntawm kev ntxiv ib pab pawg phosphate, nucleoside tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv nucleotide los ntawm cov enzymes hu ua kinase. Nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm nucleic acids. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nucleosides yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Nucleotide yog dab tsi?
Nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm ob qhov tseem ceeb macromolecules (nucleic acids) hauv cov kab mob uas muaj sia hu ua DNA thiab RNA. Lawv yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau dhau cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces los ntawm ib tiam mus rau tiam tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm thiab tswj cov haujlwm ntawm tes. Dua li ntawm ob lub macromolecules no, muaj ob peb lwm yam tseem ceeb nucleotides. Piv txwv li, ATP (Adenosine tri phosphate) thiab GTP yog ob lub zog tseem ceeb molecules. NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) thiab FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) yog nucleotides uas ua raws li cofactors. Nucleotides zoo li CAM (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev taw qhia ntawm tes.
qauv
A nucleotide muaj peb yam khoom xws li pentose qab zib molecule, nitrogenous puag thiab phosphate pawg / s. Nucleotides sib txawv los ntawm ib leeg raws li hom pentose qab zib molecule, ib lub hauv paus nitrogenous thiab pes tsawg pawg phosphate. Piv txwv li, deoxyribonucleotide muaj deoxyribose qab zib thaum ribonucleotide muaj ribose qab zib. Feem ntau muaj ob pawg ntawm nitrogenous hauv paus xws li purines thiab pyrimidines.
Structurally, pyrimidines yog me me heterocyclic, aromatic, rau-membered rings uas muaj nitrogen atoms ntawm 1 thiab 3 txoj hauj lwm. Cytosine, thymine thiab uracil yog pyrimidine hauv paus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, purine hauv paus muaj ntau dua li pyrimidines. Lwm yam tshaj li lub nplhaib heterocyclic aromatic, lawv muaj lub nplhaib imidazole fused rau qhov ntawd. Adenine thiab guanine yog ob lub hauv paus purine. Thaum tsim cov DNA thiab RNA molecules, cov hauv paus ntxiv tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv. Qhov ntawd yog adenine: thiamine / uracil thiab guanine: cytosine yog sib xyaw ua ke. Phosphate pawg txuas nrog -OH pawg ntawm 5 carbon ntawm cov piam thaj molecule.
Daim duab 01: Nucleotide
Nyob rau hauv nucleotides ntawm DNA thiab RNA, ib txwm muaj ib pawg phosphate. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ATP, muaj peb pawg phosphate. Kev sib txuas ntawm phosphate pawg yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Feem ntau, muaj yim hom nucleotides hauv DNA thiab RNA. Thiab lwm cov nucleotides tuaj yeem yog cov derivatives ntawm yim hom no. Nucleotides tuaj yeem txuas nrog ib leeg los tsim cov polymer xws li DNA thiab RNA. Qhov kev sib txuas no tshwm sim ntawm pawg phosphate ntawm ib nucleotide nrog ib pawg hydroxyl ntawm cov piam thaj molecule ntawm ob nucleotide. Nws yog phosphodiester daim ntawv cog lus uas koom nrog nucleotides thiab tsim DNA thiab RNA.
Nucleoside yog dab tsi?
Nucleoside yog ib qho nucleobase txuas rau cov piam thaj molecule feem ntau yog pentose qab zib; ribose los yog deoxyribose. Qhov kev sib txuas no yog hais txog kev sib cog lus beta-glycosidic. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm nucleoside yog tias, yog tias ib qho nucleoside txuas nrog pawg phosphate, nws thiaj li dhau los ua nucleotide lossis nucleoside monophosphate, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm nucleic acids.
Daim duab 02: Nucleoside
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no catalyzes los ntawm cov enzymes hu ua kinases. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias ib tug nucleic acid digests nrog ib tug nucleotidase enzymes, nucleosides yuav tsim. Nucleosides yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo, thiab lawv kuj muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab. Piv txwv ntawm nucleosides suav nrog cytidine, uridine, adenosine, guanosine, thymidine thiab inosine.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Nucleotide thiab Nucleoside?
- Ob nucleotide thiab nucleoside muaj pentose qab zib thiab nitrogenous puag.
- Thaum ib pawg phosphate txuas nrog nucleoside, nws thiaj li dhau los ua nucleotide.
Qhov txawv ntawm Nucleotide thiab Nucleoside yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab nucleoside yog qhov nucleotide muaj phosphate pawg thaum nucleoside tsis muaj qhov ntawd. Lwm qhov chaw xws li qab zib molecules thiab nitrogenous hauv paus muaj rau ob qho tib si, nucleotide thiab nucleoside. Feem ntau, hauv cov cell muaj sia, nucleotides yog cov haujlwm ua haujlwm, tsis yog nucleosides. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nucleotides yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm nucleic acids thiab qee cov nucleotides ua lub zog txiaj ntawm tes. Txawm li cas los xij, nucleosides kuj tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj vim tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm nucleotide thiab nucleoside hauv lawv cov fuctions ib yam nkaus.
Summary – Nucleotide vs Nucleoside
Nucleotide thiab nucleoside yog cov molecules tseem ceeb. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab nucleoside yog qhov muaj thiab tsis muaj phosphate pawg / s. Nucleotide muaj peb yam uas yog pentose qab zib, ib tug nitrogenous puag thiab phosphate pawg thaum nucleoside muaj ob yam xws li pentose qab zib thiab ib tug nitrogenous puag. Nws tsis muaj phosphate pawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, nucleosides yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum nucleotides tsim thaiv DNA thiab RNA thiab qee qhov yog lub zog molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm nucleotides tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.
