Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab biopolymer yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov polymers tsis yog degradable whereas biopolymers degradable.
Polymers yog cov molecules loj heev uas muaj ntau qhov rov ua dua. Cov chav rov ua dua no sawv cev rau cov monomers uas tsim cov khoom siv polymer. Ntawm qhov tod tes, biopolymers yog cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lom.
YPolymer yog dab tsi?
Polymers yog cov molecules loj uas muaj tib lub qauv tsim rov ua dua. Cov units rov ua dua no sawv cev rau monomers. Cov monomers khi nrog ib leeg ntawm covalent bonds los tsim ib lub polymer. Lawv muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab muaj ntau dua 10,000 atoms. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem synthesis (polymerization), ntev polymer chains daim ntawv.
Daim duab 01: Yas- Ib hom Polymer
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob hom polymers tseem ceeb nyob ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej. Lawv yog cov natural thiab hluavtaws polymers. Natural polymers yog cov ntaub ntawv uas peb tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv qhov xwm txheej thaum cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm tib neeg. Cov khoom siv polymer uas tsim hauv cov kab ke lom neeg muaj npe hu ua biopolymers.
Tsis tas li, raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas, muaj ob hom polymers. Lawv yog cov ntxiv thiab condensation polymers. Yog tias cov monomers muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms lawv cov ntaub ntawv polymerization ntxiv polymers. Hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam polymerization, thaum ob lub monomers koom nrog ib leeg, ib qho me me zoo li dej tawm. Xws li cov polymers yog condensation polymers. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev uas peb tuaj yeem faib cov ntaub ntawv polymer; Raws li cov khoom, qauv, qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam.
YBiopolymer yog dab tsi?
Biopolymers yog cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tsim hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Muaj peb lub ntsiab biopolymers nyob rau hauv lub neej; polysaccharides, proteins thiab polynucleotides (nucleic acids). Chav tsev ntawm polysaccharides yog monosaccharides (qab zib). Thaum ob lub monosaccharides koom ua ke los tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus glycosidic, nws tso tawm cov dej molecule. Yog li ntawd, polysaccharides yog condensation polymers. Polysaccharides ua si lub luag haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm hauv cov kab mob. Glycogen yog ib qho chaw cia khoom polysaccharide, thaum cellulose yog ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Glucose yog monomer rau glycogen thiab cellulose polymers.
Proteins muaj cov polypeptides, uas yog biopolymers ntawm amino acid monomers. Amino acids tsim peptide bonds nrog ib leeg thaum lub sij hawm polymerization txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, cov proteins muaj peptide bonds ntawm nws cov rov ua dua units. Polynucleotides yog lwm yam tseem ceeb ntawm biopolymer. DNA thiab RNA yog ob qho tseem ceeb polynucleotides uas peb tuaj yeem pom hauv kab mob. Cov txheej txheem synthesis ntawm biopolymers yog cov txheej txheem lub cev qhuav dej, qhov twg cov dej molecule tawm nrog kev tsim ntawm covalent daim ntawv cog lus.
Daim duab 02: DNA Structure
Biopolymers yog qhov nyuaj heev, thiab muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv. Ib yam li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem yog linear lossis branched, thiab cov qauv folding yog tshwj xeeb rau txhua biopolymer. Tsis zoo li hluavtaws polymers, biopolymers yog yooj yim degradable. Yog li peb tuaj yeem siv lawv los hloov qee cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Cov ntaub ntawv no tau txais hydrolysis los ntawm cov enzymes, lossis lwm yam lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis zoo los ntawm cua sov, ntxiv tshuaj, lossis los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov polymers no muaj cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov kab ke lom neeg muaj kev xaiv zoo heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv no sib txuas los ntawm cov qauv hauv cov kab ke lom neeg. Piv txwv li, ib daim ntawv DNA tshiab los ntawm DNA uas twb muaj lawm ua tus qauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polymer thiab Biopolymer yog dab tsi?
Polymers yog cov molecules loj uas muaj tib lub tsev qauv rov ua dua thiab ntau dua thaum biopolymers yog cov ntaub ntawv polymer uas tsim hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab biopolymer yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov polymers tsis yog degradable thaum biopolymers degradable. Lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab biopolymer yog cov polymers tuaj yeem muaj cov qauv yooj yim lossis nyuaj thaum biopolymers feem ntau muaj cov qauv nyuaj.
Cov duab hauv qab no ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm polymer thiab biopolymer qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Summary – Polymer vs Biopolymer
Biopolymers yog hom polymers uas tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lom. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymer thiab biopolymer yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov polymers tsis yog degradable whereas biopolymers degradable.
