Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polymorphism thiab allotropy yog tias polymorphism tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas thaum lub allotropy tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj.
Polymorphism yog qhov muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv tib yam. Nws txhais tau hais tias cov tebchaw ntawm hom no yuav muaj ntau tshaj ib qho qauv siv lead ua. Allotropy, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog lub tswv yim tshuaj zoo sib xws, tab sis nws piav qhia txog qhov muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm tib cov tshuaj.
YPolymorphism yog dab tsi?
Polymorphism yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv kom muaj nyob hauv ntau tshaj ib daim ntawv lossis cov qauv siv lead ua. Peb tuaj yeem pom tus yam ntxwv no hauv cov khoom siv crystalline xws li polymers, ntxhia, hlau, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau hom polymorphism raws li hauv qab no:
- Packing polymorphism - nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua
- Conformational polymorphism - lub xub ntiag ntawm sib txawv conformers ntawm tib molecule
- Pseudopolymorphism - muaj ntau hom siv lead ua los ntawm dej los yog kev daws teeb meem.
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xwm txheej thaum lub sijhawm crystallization yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm polymorphism hauv cov ntaub ntawv crystalline. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Polarity ntawm hnyav
- Kev muaj impurities
- Qib ntawm supersaturation uas cov khoom pib crystalize
- Kub
- Hloov pauv hauv kev sib tw
Allotropy yog dab tsi?
Allotropy yog qhov muaj nyob ntawm ob lossis ntau lub cev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nyob rau hauv tib lub cev lub cev, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub xeev khoom. Yog li ntawd, cov no yog cov qauv kev hloov kho ntawm tib yam tshuaj lom neeg. Allotropes muaj cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg uas khi nrog ib leeg hauv ntau txoj kev.
Daim duab 01: Pob zeb diamond thiab Graphite yog Allotropes ntawm Carbon
Ntxiv mus, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv no yuav muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev vim tias lawv muaj cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov cwj pwm tshuaj lom neeg kuj sib txawv. Ib qho allotrope yuav hloov mus rau lwm qhov thaum peb hloov qee yam xws li siab, lub teeb, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lwm yam. Yog li cov khoom siv lub cev no cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tebchaw. Qee qhov piv txwv rau allotropes yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Carbon - pob zeb diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, thiab lwm yam.
- Phosphorous - dawb phosphorous, liab phosphorous, diphosphorous, thiab lwm yam.
- Oxygen – dioxygen, ozone, tetraoxygen, thiab lwm yam.
- Boron - amorphous boron, alpha rhombohedral boron, thiab lwm yam.
- Arsenic - daj arsenic, grey arsenic, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polymorphism thiab Allotropy yog dab tsi?
Polymorphism yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv kom muaj nyob hauv ntau tshaj ib daim ntawv lossis cov qauv siv lead ua. Nws tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj sib xyaws. Ntxiv mus, nws piav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov tebchaw. Allotropy yog qhov muaj nyob ntawm ob lossis ntau lub cev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Nws tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, nws piav qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm atomic kev npaj ntawm cov tebchaw uas muaj cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov infographic hauv qab no muab qhov sib txawv ntawm polymorphism thiab allotropy nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Polymorphism vs Allotropy
Polymorphism thiab allotropy yog ob nqe lus ntsig txog hauv inorganic chemistry. Qhov sib txawv ntawm polymorphism thiab allotropy yog tias cov polymorphism tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas thaum allotropy tshwm sim hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj.
