Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm synchronic thiab diachronic linguistics yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav siv los txheeb xyuas ob ceg ntawm kev hais lus. Synchronic linguistics, tseem hu ua kev piav qhia yam lus, yog kev kawm ntawm cov lus ntawm txhua lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm diachronic linguistics yog kev kawm ntawm cov lus los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm.
Synchronic linguistics thiab diachronic linguistics yog ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev paub lus. Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure tau qhia ob ceg ntawm kev hais lus hauv nws chav kawm hauv General Linguistics (1916). Zuag qhia tag nrho, synchrony thiab diachrony xa mus rau lub xeev cov lus thiab mus rau theem evolutionary ntawm cov lus.
Synchronic Linguistics yog dab tsi?
Synchronic linguistics, tseem hu ua kev piav qhia lus, yog kev kawm ntawm cov lus ntawm txhua lub sijhawm, feem ntau tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov taw tes hauv lub sijhawm no kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv yav dhau los. Yog li ntawd, lub koom haum ntawm linguistics no sim kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lus yam tsis siv rau theem ua ntej lossis tom qab. Daim teb no tshuaj xyuas thiab piav qhia seb hom lus siv tau los ntawm ib pawg neeg hauv zej zog hais lus. Yog li, suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov qauv sau ntawv, kev faib tawm, thiab kev npaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom lus.
Daim duab 01: Syntactic Tree
Tsis zoo li diachronic linguistics, nws tsis tsom mus rau keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus lossis cov lus hloov pauv. Ferdinand de Saussure tau qhia txog lub tswvyim ntawm synchronic linguistics thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.
Diachronic Linguistics yog dab tsi?
Diachronic linguistics yeej yog hais txog kev kawm lus los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm. Yog li, nws kawm txog keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm. Cov ceg ntawm linguistics no yog diachronic linguistics. Cov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm diachronic linguistics yog raws li nram no:
- Pab piav thiab sau nyiaj rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov lus tshwj xeeb
- Reconstructing the pre-history of languages and txiav txim siab lawv txoj kev sib txuas, muab lawv tso rau hauv cov tsev neeg hom lus Tsim cov kev xav dav dav txog yuav ua li cas thiab vim li cas cov lus hloov
- piav keeb kwm ntawm cov zej zog hais lus
- Study keeb kwm ntawm cov lus
Daim duab 02: Lus Tsev Neeg
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib piv lus (sib piv cov lus los txheeb xyuas lawv cov keeb kwm kev sib raug zoo) thiab etymology (kev kawm keeb kwm ntawm cov lus) yog ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm diachronic linguistics.
Qhov txawv ntawm Synchronic thiab Diachronic Linguistics yog dab tsi?
Synchronic linguistics yog kev kawm ntawm cov lus ntawm txhua lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm diachronic linguistics yog kev kawm ntawm cov lus los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm synchronic thiab diachronic linguistics yog lawv lub hom phiaj lossis kev xav ntawm kev kawm. Diachronic linguistics muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog cov lus hloov pauv thaum synchronic linguistics tsis yog. Ntxiv mus, lub tom kawg tsom rau cov ntsiab lus xws li kev sib piv lus, etymology thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus thaum yav dhau los tsom rau cov qauv sau ntawv, kev faib tawm, thiab kev npaj ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib hom lus.
Summary – Synchronic vs Diachronic Linguistics
Qhov txawv ntawm synchronic thiab diachronic linguistics nyob ntawm lawv qhov kev kawm. Qhov no yog vim hais tias yav dhau los saib cov lus ntawm ib lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm thaum lub sijhawm tom kawg saib cov lus los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, ob ceg yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kawm ib hom lus kom raug.
