Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Genetic Map thiab Physical Map yog nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem siv hauv genome mapping. Thaum tsim daim ntawv qhia caj ces, cov cim caj ces thiab cov kab mob caj ces yog siv los kawm cov qauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob, thaum lub cev daim ntawv qhia siv cov txheej txheem biology xws li Kev Txwv Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) thiab Hybridization cov txheej txheem.
Genetic Maps thiab Physical maps ob hom maps uas tsim los qhia cov noob nyob rau hauv chromosomes. Lawv koom nrog hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic diagnostics thiab kwv yees evolution txog genome tsom xam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv siv los txheeb xyuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov noob loci thiab txheeb xyuas cov noob polymorphisms.
Daim ntawv qhia caj ces yog dab tsi?
Daim ntawv qhia caj ces yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw gene loci thiab cov cim caj ces txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas kev sib txuas thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib koom ua ke. Mendelian noob caj noob ces piav qhia txog cov kab mob caj ces thiab Gregor Mendel yog tus neeg qhia txog lub tswv yim no. Daim ntawv qhia caj ces muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kawm txog qhov chaw chromosome thiab cov noob caj noob ces cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov noob no tau txais los ntawm cov ntxhais tiam tom qab raug txheeb xyuas raws li cov cim caj ces rau ib tus kab mob lossis tus cwj pwm.
Daim duab 01: Daim Ntawv Qhia Tshuaj Ntsuam Xyuas
Ntau hom kev yug me nyuam ntau ntau tiam neeg thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas cov qauv kev yug me nyuam rau ib qho tshwj xeeb lossis tus yam ntxwv yog qhov tsim nyog ua ntej tsim daim ntawv qhia caj ces. Thiab tseem, kev koom tes ntawm noob caj noob ces kev tshawb fawb ntxiv txhawb kev txheeb xyuas cov alleles sib txawv uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov qauv qub txeeg qub teg hauv genetic mapping. Allele frequencies thiab gene frequencies pab kwv yees daim ntawv qhia gene ntawm ib lub noob ntawm ib chromosome.
Daim ntawv qhia lub cev yog dab tsi?
Daim duab qhia lub cev ntawm cov noob tsim siv cov txheej txheem lom neeg molecular xws li txwv kev zom zaub mov, thiab lwm yam. Li no, txwv daim ntawv qhia yog lwm lub npe rau daim ntawv qhia no. Thaum tsim daim ntawv qhia lub cev, thaum pib, kev txwv enzymes txiav cov DNA rau hauv cov khoom tawg. Cov tawg no ces cais los ntawm gel electrophoresis. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog tiam ntawm daim ntawv qhia lub cev ntawm DNA. Raws li cov kauj ruam ntxiv, lawv tuaj yeem raug rau cov txheej txheem blotting tom qab hybridization. Tam sim no, cov txuj ci siab dhau los xws li Fluorescence In situ hybridization tau siv, hauv kev tsim daim duab qhia lub cev los siv ua cov cim caj ces.
Daim duab 02: Daim duab qhia lub cev
Daim duab qhia lub cev yog qhov tseeb dua thiab nrawm nrog kev sib piv rau daim ntawv qhia caj ces. Yog li ntawd, lawv siv nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam gene polymorphism yog siab nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog genetic maps. Daim ntawv qhia lub cev tsis xav txog Mendelian genetic qauv ib yam nkaus.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Genetic Map thiab Physical Map?
- Ob daim duab qhia kev koom nrog hauv cov cim caj ces.
- Genome-wide kev tshawb fawb siv ob daim duab qhia.
- daim ntawv qhia caj ces thiab daim ntawv qhia lub cev muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev kuaj kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Genetic Map thiab Physical Map?
Genetic Map yog daim ntawv qhia gene raws li kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab cov kev tshawb fawb gene koom haum ua tiav ntawm cov cim caj ces lossis cov noob caj noob ces ntawm chromosome. Daim ntawv qhia lub cev yog daim ntawv qhia cov noob nyob rau hauv uas daim ntawv qhia noob yog muab los ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev cais cov DNA thiab tau txais cov cim caj ces meej siv cov tswv yim molecular biology. Hais txog cov txheej txheem siv nyob rau hauv ob daim ntawv qhia no, qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia caj ces thiab daim ntawv qhia lub cev yog tias daim ntawv qhia caj ces siv cov kev sib txuas ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thiab cov kev txheeb xyuas cov noob caj noob ces thaum daim ntawv qhia lub cev siv cov kev txwv tsis pub siv thiab cov txheej txheem hybridization. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb hauv daim ntawv qhia caj ces yog qis thaum nws siab hauv daim ntawv qhia lub cev.
Thaum muab piv qhov nrawm ntawm cov txheej txheem siv hauv ob daim ntawv qhia no, daim ntawv qhia caj ces muaj cov txheej txheem nrawm dua, siv sijhawm ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv qhia lub cev muaj cov txheej txheem nrawm heev. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv qhia caj ces tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig thaum daim ntawv qhia lub cev muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, daim ntawv qhia caj ces yog raws li Mendelian cov qauv qub txeeg qub teg thaum daim duab qhia lub cev tsis ncaj nraim ntawm Mendelian qub txeeg qub teg.
Summary – Genetic Map vs Physical Map
Kev tshawb fawb genome siv cov cim caj ces nyob hauv cov chromosomes. Txhawm rau kawm cov cim no, lawv yuav tsum tau kos npe siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Mendelian noob caj noob ces yog lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv qhia caj ces. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov noob caj noob ces, cov yam ntxwv sib txawv tau kawm rau ntau tiam neeg thiab cov noob raug tshuaj xyuas siv cov noob caj noob ces thiab cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces. Hauv qhov sib piv, daim duab qhia lub cev muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cais thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov cim caj ces ntawm lub cev los ntawm kev rho tawm nws. Nov yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv qhia caj ces thiab daim ntawv qhia lub cev.
