Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yog cov kua qaub muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1 txog 7 whereas bases muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 7 txog 14.
pH tus nqi yog qhov rho tawm logarithm ntawm H + ion concentration. pH 7 yog suav tias yog nruab nrab pH. pH tus nqi siab dua 7 qhia tias muaj lub hauv paus thaum cov nqi qis dua 7 qhia tias muaj cov kua qaub. Raws li Brønsted-Lowry txoj kev xav, acids tuaj yeem tso H+ ions whereas bases tau txais H+ ions.
Acid yog dab tsi?
Acids yog cov khoom muaj pH tsawg dua 7 hauv lawv cov kua dej. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kua qaub nruab nrab tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov ntawv litmus. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem tig xiav litmus liab. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev hloov xim yog tias liab litmus siv. Cov tebchaw uas yooj yim ionizable Hydrogen atoms feem ntau yog acids.
Raws li Brønsted-Lowry txoj kev xav, cov kua qaub yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem tso cov protons (H+ ions) mus rau nruab nrab thaum nws nyob hauv nruab nrab aqueous. Thaum H+ ions raug tso tawm, cov ions no tsis tuaj yeem nyob ib leeg hauv nruab nrab aqueous. Yog li cov ions no ua ke nrog cov dej molecules, tsim H3O+ ions (hydronium ions). Lub xub ntiag ntawm hydronium ions, yog li, qhia tias muaj cov kua qaub.
Raws li Arrhenius txoj kev xav, ib qho kua qaub yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj cov hydronium ions hauv nruab nrab aqueous. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov nce ntawm H+ ions. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov kua qaub tso tawm H+ ions, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog dej molecules los tsim hydronium ions.
Thaum xav txog Lewis txoj kev xav, ib qho kua qaub yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj peev xwm txais tau ib khub ntawm electrons los ntawm covalent tshuaj daim ntawv cog lus. Raws li cov ntsiab lus no, cov khoom uas tsis muaj hydrogen atoms kuj tau categorized li acids vim lawv muaj peev xwm txais electron khub.
Properties of ib Acid
Ib qho kua qaub feem ntau muaj qaub saj. Lub pH ntawm cov kua qaub ib txwm tsawg dua 7. Yuav luag txhua cov kua qaub muaj cov ntxhiab tsw kub. Qhov kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov kua qaub yog nplaum es tsis nplua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua qaub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau (txawm tias cov hlau tsis muaj zog heev) los ua cov hlau hydride thiab hydrogen gas.
Pab yog dab tsi?
Ib lub hauv paus yog ib yam khoom uas qhia tau hais tias pH tus nqi siab dua 7 thaum nws nyob hauv cov kua dej. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev daws teeb meem ua rau cov xim liab litmus tig mus rau xim xiav. Yog li ntawd, lub xub ntiag ntawm lub hauv paus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv liab litmus. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv xiav litmus, tsis muaj xim hloov nrog lub hauv paus. Cov tshuaj muaj cov ionizable hydroxyl pawg tau yooj yim feem ntau yog hauv paus.
Raws li Brønsted-Lowry txoj kev xav, lub hauv paus yog tus txais proton; Hauv lwm lo lus, lub hauv paus tuaj yeem txais cov protons los ntawm qhov nruab nrab aqueous. Txawm li cas los xij, Arrhenius txoj kev xav kuj tseem muab cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws: lub hauv paus yog ib yam khoom uas txo cov hydronium ions tam sim no hauv nruab nrab. Lub hydronium ion concentration poob qis vim tias lub hauv paus tau txais H +ions lossis protons los ntawm qhov nruab nrab aqueous. Cov ions no yuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm hydronium ions.
Daim duab 1: Kev sib piv ntawm Acids thiab Bases
Thaum xav txog Lewis txoj kev xav, lub hauv paus yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem pub dawb electron khub. Cov tshuaj no pub cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tsim kev sib koom tes covalent bonds. Raws li qhov kev xav no, feem ntau cov tebchaw uas tsis muaj OH- pawg ua lub hauv paus.
Properties of a Base
Bases muaj iab saj. Cov tshuaj no ib txwm qhia pH qhov siab dua 7. Yuav luag txhua lub hauv paus tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsuas yog ammonia. Ammonia muaj pungent tsw. Tsis zoo li cov kua qaub, cov hauv paus zoo li nplua. Bases tau neutralized thaum reacted nrog acids.
Qhov txawv ntawm Acid thiab Base yog dab tsi?
Acid vs Base |
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| Ib qho kua qaub yog ib yam khoom uas qhia pH qis dua 7 thaum nws nyob hauv cov kua dej | Ib lub hauv paus yog ib yam khoom uas qhia pH tus nqi siab dua 7 thaum nws nyob hauv cov kua dej |
| Definition based on Brønsted-Lowry Theory | |
| Ib acid yog ib yam khoom uas tso tau protons (H + ions) mus rau nruab nrab thaum nws nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous nruab nrab. | Ib lub hauv paus yog tus txais proton; Hauv lwm lo lus, lub hauv paus tuaj yeem txais cov protons los ntawm qhov nruab nrab aqueous. |
| Definition based on Arrhenius Theory | |
| Ib qho kua qaub yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj cov hydronium ions hauv qhov nruab nrab aqueous. | Ib lub hauv paus yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem txo cov hydronium ions hauv qhov nruab nrab aqueous. |
| Definition based on Lewis Theory | |
| Ib qho kua qaub yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas tuaj yeem txais tau ob khub ntawm electrons los ntawm covalent chemical bond. | Ib lub hauv paus yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem pub dawb electron khub. |
| Xim Hloov hauv Litmus | |
| Acids tuaj yeem tig xiav litmus liab, tab sis tsis muaj xim hloov hauv litmus liab. | Bases tuaj yeem tig liab litmus xiav, tab sis tsis muaj xim hloov hauv xiav litmus. |
| Aids muaj qaub saj. | Bases muaj iab saj. |
| Ntsuag | |
| Acids muaj ntxhiab tsw. | Bases tsis muaj ntxhiab, tsuas yog ammonia. |
| Ionization | |
| Acids tuaj yeem tsim hydronium ions thaum ionized. | Bases tuaj yeem tsim hydroxyl ions thaum ionized. |
| Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaws | |
| Cov hom kab sib txuas ntawm cov kua qaub yog nws lub hauv paus conjugate. | Cov hom conjugate ntawm lub hauv paus yog nws cov conjugate acid. |
| Neutralization | |
| Ib qho kua qaub tuaj yeem nruab nrab siv lub hauv paus. | Ib puag tuaj yeem nruab nrab siv cov kua qaub. |
| Titration | |
| Acids yog titrated nrog cov hauv paus rau qhov nruab nrab. | Bases yog reacted nrog acids rau cov neutralization. |
Summary – Acid vs Base
Txhua cov tebchaw tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kua qaub, cov hauv paus thiab cov tshuaj nruab nrab. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus yog tias cov kua qaub muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 1 txog 7 thaum lub hauv paus muaj pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 7 txog 14.
