Muab ob npaug rau vs Acid Base Reactions
Thaum muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tag nrho cov reactants hloov lawv daim ntawv thiab tsim cov tebchaw tshiab nrog cov khoom tshiab. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los xyuas seb puas muaj tshuaj lom neeg tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, cua sov / cua txias, hloov xim, roj ntau lawm, thiab precipitate tsim tuaj yeem ua tau. Muaj ntau hom kev tshwm sim, thiab. Ob qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid yog ob qhov ypes.
Dab tsi yog qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv?
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tseem hu ua ob qhov kev hloov pauv. Thaum ob lub tebchaw reacts ua ke, lawv pauv lawv cov ions zoo thiab tsis zoo rau ib leeg. Hom kev tshwm sim no muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.
AB +CD → AD + BC
Feem ntau AB thiab CD yog ionic compounds. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv aqueous nruab nrab, lawv yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ions (A+ thiab B–, C+ thiab D–). A thiab C yog cations thiab B thiab D yog anions. Lub cation ntawm AB (uas yog A) tsim ib tug tshiab compound nrog cov anion ntawm CD (uas yog D). Thiab qhov no tshwm sim vice versa. Yog li kom xaus, ob qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog qhov twg cations thiab anions ntawm ob lub tebchaw hloov lawv cov neeg koom tes. Muaj peb hom kev hloov pauv ob zaug raws li nag lossis daus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab thiab cov roj tsim tawm. Hauv cov nag lossis daus, ib qho ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tshiab yuav nyob hauv lub xeev khov. Piv txwv li, peb yuav coj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov nyiaj nitrate (AgNO3) thiab HCl. Ag+ thiab H+ yog cov cations monovalent, thiab NO3–thiab Cl– yog cov anions monovalent. Thaum cov koom tes hloov pauv no AgCl thiab HNO3 tau tsim. Los ntawm ob yam khoom no, AgCl yog cov dej nag.
AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
Raws li hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, tag nrho cov cations thiab anions yog monovalent. Yog li thaum sib pauv sib npaug sib npaug tuaj yeem tau txais. Tab sis yog tias qhov valency txawv hauv ions, qhov sib npaug yuav tsum sib npaug. Thiab thaum sau cov khoom, valency yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog. Ua piv txwv hauv qab no. Cov cations yog Fe3+ thiab H+, hos cov anions yog O2 2- thiab Cl– Yog li, tom qab sau cov khoom, sib npaug tuaj yeem sib npaug li hauv qab no.
Fe2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H 2O
Acid Base Reaction yog dab tsi?
Peb ib txwm txheeb xyuas cov kua qaub ua tus pub dawb proton. Cov kua qaub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob, raws li lawv lub peev xwm los sib cais thiab tsim cov protons. Cov kua qaub muaj zog zoo li HCl, HNO 3 yog ionized tag nrho hauv cov tshuaj kom muab cov protons. Cov acids tsis muaj zog xws li CH3COOH yog ib feem dissociates thiab muab tsawg dua ntawm cov protons. Hauv pH nplai, los ntawm 1-6 sawv cev rau cov kua qaub. Cov kua qaub nrog pH 1 tau hais tias muaj zog heev, thiab raws li tus nqi pH nce, acidity poob qis. Bases muaj hydroxide anion thiab muaj peev xwm pub dawb li hydroxide ion los ua lub hauv paus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv neutralization. Thaum cov kua qaub thiab lub hauv paus hnov mob, ntsev thiab dej yog tsim. Dej tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm H+ ions tsim cov kua qaub thiab OH– ions los ntawm lub hauv paus. Yog li ntawd, qhov no kuj yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ob zaug.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Ob Qhov Kev Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam thiab Acid Base Reaction?
• Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ob zaug.
• Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acid, dej yog cov khoom lag luam (lwm yam khoom yog ntsev) whereas, hauv lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ob zaug, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua.
