Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Thawj vs Mutated Sequences
Nyob rau hauv DNA ib ntus, muaj plaub qhov tshwm sim ntawm nucleotides. Txhua DNA ib ntus muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm nucleotides. Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam gene, qhov tseeb nucleotide ib ntus tseem ceeb heev vim yog cov ntaub ntawv caj ces nws muaj los tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb. Ib qho sib txawv nucleotide tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij xws li cov protein tsis raug lossis kab mob tuag taus. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseeb nucleotide kev txiav txim ntawm DNA ib ntus yuav tsum nyob twj ywm rau kev loj hlob zoo thiab ua haujlwm. Cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv DNA ib ntus vim muaj ntau yam xws li kev tshem tawm, kev ntxig, kev sib tw, thiab kev hloov pauv. Thawj nucleotide sib lawv liag deviates vim cov saum toj no yam mus rau hauv mutated sequences. Muaj ntau ntau yam kev kho uas ib txwm tshwm sim los kho cov kev hloov pauv hauv lub cev genome. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem qub thiab hloov pauv muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob genomes. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov thawj thiab cov kev hloov pauv yog qhov qub ua ntu zus tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis kev hloov pauv thaum cov kev hloov pauv muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis kev hloov pauv mus tas li ntawm DNA ntu.
Dab tsi yog Original Sequences?
Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv caj ces uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txhua qhov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau yog khaws cia hauv genome ntawm cov kab mob ntawd hauv daim ntawv DNA. DNA molecules muaj plaub nucleotides txuas txuas ntxiv los ntawm phosphodiester bonds. Deoxyribonucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv uas ua rau ntev DNA strands. Raws li txoj cai genetic code, plaub nucleotides yog teem rau hauv DNA ib ntus. Li no, nws muaj qhov kev txiav txim kom raug uas yog lub npe hu ua genetic code los tsim qhov tseeb mRNA ib ntus thiab codons los ua ke cov amino acid qhov tseeb ntawm cov protein. Thaum tag nrho cov kab ke ntawm cov noob muaj qhov tseeb nucleotide kev txiav txim, peb tuaj yeem xa mus rau nws raws li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob vim nws hloov mus rau hauv mRNA ib ntus thiab thaum kawg los kho cov protein thaum lub sijhawm sau thiab txhais lus. Thawj cov kab ke tsis pub dawb los ntawm qhov sib txawv nucleotide, kev puas tsuaj lossis kev hloov pauv.
Daim duab 01: Original Sequence
Dab tsi yog qhov hloov pauv?
Thaum tus thawj nucleotide ntu ntawm DNA hloov vim kev puas tsuaj lossis lwm yam laj thawj, peb xa mus rau nws raws li kev hloov pauv nkag mus rau ib txwm ua ntu zus. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv no yog kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho cellular. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab. Lawv ua rau kev hloov pauv mus tas li uas hu ua kev hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog kev hloov pauv mus tas li hauv DNA ntu, uas qee zaum tau txais los ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv. Cov kab ke uas raug hloov pauv mus tas li nucleotide yog lub npe hu ua kev hloov pauv.
DNA ib ntus tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim yog vim li cas sib txawv, thiab cov kev hloov pauv no cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev loj hlob. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ib leeg yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv. Ib daim DNA tuaj yeem muab tso lossis tshem tawm los ntawm qhov pib ua ntu zus los ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev hloov pauv. Qee qhov DNA sib lawv liag tuaj yeem luam tawm ib lossis ntau lub sijhawm. Frameshift mutations kuj tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov qub. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim tau hloov pauv los ntawm ib qho twg, cov kab ke tshwj xeeb no hu ua kev hloov pauv lossis cov noob.
Mutated sequences tuaj yeem faib ua ob hom loj raws li qhov lawv pom. Thaum mutated sequences pom nyob rau hauv cov hlwb somatic (tsis yog cov qe menyuam), lawv hu ua somatic mutations. Feem ntau somatic kev hloov pauv tsis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau kev faib tawm ntawm tes, nws tuaj yeem yog lub hauv paus rau kev loj hlob ntawm qog noj ntshav. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv gametes (cov qe menyuam). Lawv raug hu ua kab kab hloov pauv; Cov kev hloov pauv no tau dhau mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv.
Daim duab 02: Mutated Sequence
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Thawj thiab Hloov Sib Tw?
Original vs Mutated Sequences |
|
| Thawj Sequences yog DNA sequences uas tsis raug rau kev puas tsuaj lossis kev hloov pauv. | Mutated Sequences yog cov sequences uas raug hloov mus tas li ntawm cov nucleotide sequence lossis puas. |
| Nucleotide Order | |
| thawj ntu muaj qhov tseeb nucleotide xaj. | Mutated sequences tsis muaj qhov kev txiav txim kom raug. |
| Resultant Protein | |
| thawj qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov noob tau txais cov protein kom raug | Mutated gene sequence tuaj yeem los yog tsis ua rau muaj protein ntau. |
Summary – Original vs Mutated Sequences
DNA ib ntus yog tsim los ntawm nucleotide chains. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nucleotide kev npaj yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws vim nws tau khaws cia nrog cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. Hauv cov kab ke qub, qhov tseeb nucleotide ib ntus tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas. Hauv kev hloov pauv, thawj qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nucleotides tau hloov pauv vim muaj ntau yam. Nov yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov qub thiab hloov pauv.
Download PDF Version of Original vs Mutated Sequences
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm Thawj thiab Mutated Sequences.
