Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Rov ua dua DNA vs Satellite DNA
Genomic DNA yog tsim los ntawm coding DNA thiab noncoding DNA. Coding sequences yog hu ua genes. Ntau txhiab tus noob nyob rau ntawm chromosomes. Rov ua dua DNA, intros thiab kev tswj hwm ib ntus raug suav tias yog DNA tsis yog DNA hauv genome. Rov ua dua DNA yog cov nucleotide ib ntus rov ua dua thiab rov ua dua hauv genome ntawm cov kab mob. Rov ua dua DNA tso nyiaj rau ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm genomic DNA thiab tau muab faib ua peb hom tseem ceeb hu ua tandem repeats, davhlau ya nyob twg rov ua dua, thiab sib cuam tshuam rov ua dua. Tandem repeats yog repetitive heev nyob rau hauv lub genome. Ib hom tandem rov ua dua yog satellite DNA. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev rov ua dua DNA thiab satellite DNA yog qhov rov ua dua DNA yog qhov rov ua dua ntawm DNA hauv cov genome thaum satellite DNA yog hom rov ua dua DNA uas tau rov ua dua thiab feem ntau nyob hauv thaj tsam heterochromatic ib ncig ntawm centromere.
DNA rov ua dua yog dab tsi?
Repetitive DNA tau rov ua cov nucleotide ib ntus ntau dua. Rov ua dua DNA kuj tseem hu ua cov ntsiab lus rov ua dua lossis rov ua dua. Rov ua dua DNA nyob ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov genome ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Tib neeg genome muaj ntau tshaj li ob feem peb ntawm qhov rov ua dua DNA. Cov no tsis code proteins thiab nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm noncoding DNA ntawm genome.
Muaj peb hom loj ntawm DNA rov ua dua lub npe hu ua davhlau ya nyob twg rov ua dua, tandem rov ua dua thiab sib cuam tshuam rov ua dua. Tandem repeats yog cov kev sib txuas ntau zaus uas nyob ib sab ntawm ib leeg. Muaj peb hom tandem rov ua dua hu ua satellite DNA, minisatellite DNA thiab microsatellite DNA. Interspersed repetitive DNA yog rov ua ntu zus tau tawg thoob plaws hauv genome raws li ib chav nyob nrog cov cim flanking sequences. Muaj ob hom kev sib cuam tshuam DNA hu ua transposons thiab retrotransposons. Lawv tshwm sim vim muaj peev xwm ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv genome. Retrotransposons muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm 1 transposable ntsiab lus thiab ua raws li daim ntawv theej thiab muab tshuaj txhuam los ua ke rau hauv genome. Transposons muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm 2 cov ntsiab lus transposable raws li lawv ua raws li kev txiav thiab muab tshuaj txhuam kom txav raws cov genome.
Txawm hais tias rov ua dua DNA tsis yog coded rau cov protein, lawv tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv genome. Rov ua dua DNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nthuav tawm cov cim coding sequences thiab muab cov haujlwm ntxiv uas xav tau rau genome replication thiab raug xa mus rau hauv cov ntxhais hlwb, thiab lwm yam. Rov ua dua DNA kuj tseem muab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw scaffolding lossis matrix txuas, qhia nws qhov tsim nyog hauv kev teeb tsa cov genome. ntawm cov kab mob.
Satellite DNA yog dab tsi?
Satellite DNA yog hom DNA rov ua dua uas rov ua dua. Lawv nyob hauv qeb ntawm DNA rov ua dua hu ua tandem repeats. Satellite DNA yog tandemly dua thiab nyob rau hauv centromere thiab telomere cheeb tsam ntawm chromosomes. Ib qho luv luv rov ua dua ntawm satellite DNA thaj tsam ntawm 5 txog 300 lub hauv paus khub, nyob ntawm hom. Lawv rov ua ib txwm 105 rau 106 zaug hauv genome. Hauv cov tsiaj txhu genome, satellite DNA tso nyiaj rau 10 - 20% feem.
Satellite DNA tsis code rau cov proteins thiab tsis qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm caj ces. Lawv pab txhawb rau lub koom haum chromosomal raws li lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub luag haujlwm centromeres thiab ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm heterochromatin.
Satellite DNA sib txawv hauv qhov ntom nrog feem ntau ntawm DNA. Li no, nws muab ib pawg cais thaum lub sij hawm ultracentrifugation. Muaj ntau hom satellite DNA hu ua alphoid DNA, beta, satellite 1, satellite 2, satellite 3 thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Rov ua dua DNA thiab satellite DNA
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Repetitive DNA thiab Satellite DNA?
Rov ua dua DNA vs Satellite DNA |
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| Repetitive DNA yog cov nucleotide sequences rov ntau zaus hauv genome ntawm cov kab mob. | Satellite DNA yog ib hom kev rov ua dua DNA uas tau rov ua ntau lab zaug hauv genome. |
| Type | |
| Muaj peb hom tseem ceeb xws li davhlau ya nyob twg rov ua dua, tandem rov ua dua, thiab rov ua dua. | Satellite DNA tau faib ua ntau hom xws li alphoid, beta, saterllite1, 2 thiab 3, thiab lwm yam. |
| Repetitive DNA nyob thoob plaws hauv genome. | Satellite DNA nyob hauv centromere thiab telomere cheeb tsam ntawm chromosome. |
Summary – Rov ua dua DNA vs Satellite DNA
Genomes tau teeb tsa rau hauv ntau hom DNA. Coding sequences ntawm lawv yog khaws cia nrog cov ntaub ntawv genetic synthesize proteins. Lwm yam tsis-coding sequences muab cov qauv thiab ntxiv zog rau DNA replication, chromosome qauv tu, thiab lwm yam. Repetitive DNA yog ib hom noncoding DNA uas yog rov ua dua nyob rau hauv lub genome. Repetitive DNA muaj ntau hom thiab satellite DNA, uas nyob rau hauv lub centromere thiab telomere cheeb tsam ntawm cov chromosomes, yog ib hom ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov rov ua dua DNA thiab satellite DNA.
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Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov rub tawm PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv ntawm Repetitive DNA thiab Satellite DNA - PDF.
