Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Tam sim no vs Voltage
Hauv qhov hluav taws xob, hluav taws xob raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog ua rau lawv; Yog li, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom txav los ntawm ib qho chaw hauv hluav taws xob mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no txhais tau tias yog qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no. Hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv kuj hu ua Voltage ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Ib qho kev txav los yog kev khiav ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm hu ua hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob yog qhov tam sim no ib txwm muaj kev txav ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thaum qhov hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob. Qhov hluav taws xob tshwm sim tsuas yog vim muaj qhov tsis sib xws.
Voltage yog dab tsi?
Vim ib lub atom muaj tib tus naj npawb ntawm protons thiab electrons, tag nrho cov teeb meem ruaj khov hauv lub ntiaj teb yog hluav taws xob sib npaug. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo lossis qhov tsis zoo them nqi yuav muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua electrons dua li cov protons vim yog cov teebmeem sab nraud ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Raws li kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov nqi zoo sib xws, muaj ib qho hluav taws xob uas muab hluav taws xob los yog qhov hluav taws xob rau txhua qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig nws. Voltage tuaj yeem kho raws li cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv hluav taws xob. Nws yog ntsuas hauv volts (V) siv lub voltmeter.
Lub peev xwm hluav taws xob ntawm ib qho taw tes yog ib txwm suav tias yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus, lossis ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb, qhov hluav taws xob raug suav nrog rau qhov infinity qhov twg lub peev xwm yog xoom. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev xav ntawm hluav taws xob Circuit Court, lub ntiaj teb yog suav tias yog ib tug xoom-potential point; Yog li ntawd, qhov voltage ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub voj voog yog ntsuas raws li lub ntiaj teb (los yog hauv av).
Ib qhov hluav taws xob yuav raug tsim los ntawm ntau qhov xwm txheej ntuj lossis yuam kev. xob laim yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob vim qhov tshwm sim ntuj; pua pua lab ntawm qhov voltage tshwm sim hauv huab vim kev sib txhuam. Hauv qhov ntsuas me me, lub roj teeb tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, khaws cov ions hauv qhov zoo (Anode) thiab qhov tsis zoo (Cathode) terminals. Cov cell photovoltaic suav nrog hauv cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsim hluav taws xob raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov hluav taws xob tso tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor absorbing lub hnub ci. Ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom hauv photodiodes siv hauv cov koob yees duab kom pom cov teeb pom kev nyob ib puag ncig.
Tam sim no yog dab tsi?
Ib tam sim no yog qhov ntws ntawm ib yam dab tsi, xws li dej hiav txwv lossis huab cua. Hauv cov ntsiab lus hluav taws xob, cov nqi hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog qhov ntws ntawm electrons los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib, yog lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tam sim no ntsuas hauv amperes (A) nrog lub ammeter. Ampere txhais tau tias yog coulombs ib ob thiab yog proportional rau qhov voltage sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus uas tam sim no ntws.
Daim duab 01: Ib qho yooj yim hluav taws xob Circuit Court
Raws li pom hauv daim duab 01, thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntshiab R, qhov voltage rau tam sim no piv yog sib npaug rau R. Qhov no tau qhia hauv Ohm Txoj Cai uas tau muab raws li:
V=I x R
Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob dV hloov pauv hla lub kauj, tseem hu ua inductor, tam sim no dI los ntawm cov kauj hloov raws li:
dI=1/L∫dV dt
Ntawm no, L yog qhov inductance ntawm lub kauj. Qhov no tshwm sim txij li thaum lub kauj yog tiv taus qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thoob plaws nws thiab ua rau lub counter-voltage.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm lub capacitor, qhov kev hloov ntawm tam sim no hla nws dI yog raws li hauv qab no:
dI=C (dV/dt)
Ntawm no, C yog lub peev xwm. Qhov no yog vim qhov tso tawm thiab them nyiaj ntawm lub capacitor raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage.
Daim duab 02: Fleming txoj cai sab xis
Thaum tus neeg xyuas pib tsiv mus thoob plaws qhov chaw sib nqus, tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd qhov hluav taws xob raug tsim tawm thoob plaws tus neeg xyuas pib raws li Fleming txoj cai sab xis.
Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas muaj cov neeg siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv sai sai thoob plaws qhov chaw sib nqus. Raws li tau piav nyob rau hauv nqe lus dhau los, tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov nqi ua rau muaj hluav taws xob hauv lub roj teeb. Thaum ib tug hlau txuas ob lub terminals, ib tug tam sim no pib ntws raws cov hlau, uas yog, electrons nyob rau hauv cov hlau txav vim qhov voltage txawv ntawm cov terminals. Loj dua qhov tsis kam ntawm cov xaim, qhov loj dua tam sim no thiab lub roj teeb nrawm dua. Ib yam li ntawd, lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntau dua rub tawm qhov tam sim no ntau dua los ntawm cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, lub teeb 100W txuas nrog 230V cov khoom siv, qhov tam sim no nws kos tuaj yeem suav nrog:
P=V ×I
I=100W ÷230 V
I=0.434 A
Ntawm no, thaum lub zog siab dua, kev siv tam sim no yuav siab.
Qhov txawv ntawm Voltage thiab Current yog dab tsi?
Voltage vs Current |
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| Voltage txhais tau tias yog hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus hauv hluav taws xob. | Tam sim no txhais tau tias yog kev txav ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob raws li qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. |
| Voltage tawm vim muaj hluav taws xob. | Tam sim no yog tsim nrog kev txav mus los. Tsis muaj tam sim no nrog cov nqi hluav taws xob zoo li qub. |
| Nyob zoo | |
| Voltage tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj qhov tam sim no; Piv txwv li, hauv roj teeb. | Tam sim no ib txwm nyob ntawm qhov voltage txij li qhov kev them nqi tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj qhov sib txawv. |
| ntsuas | |
| Voltage yog ntsuas hauv Volts. Nws yog ib txwm ntsuas nrog kev hwm rau lwm lub ntsiab lus, yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb nruab nrab. Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas ntawm qhov hluav taws xob yog ib qho yooj yim txij li lub voj voog tsis tawg los tso cov ntsuas ntsuas. | Tam sim no ntsuas hauv Amperes thiab ntsuas hla tus neeg xyuas pib. Kev ntsuas tam sim no nyuaj dua vim tias tus neeg xyuas pib yuav tsum tau tawg mus rau qhov chaw ntsuas qhov ntsuas, lossis cov khoom siv clamping zoo yuav tsum tau siv. |
Summary – Voltage vs Current
Hauv qhov hluav taws xob, qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus yog hu ua qhov sib txawv voltage. Yuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov voltage los tsim kom muaj qhov tam sim no. Hauv qhov hluav taws xob zoo li photocell lossis lub roj teeb, qhov hluav taws xob tshwm sim vim qhov sib txuam ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov terminals. Yog hais tias cov terminals no txuas nrog ib tug hlau, ib tug tam sim no pib ntws vim qhov voltage sib txawv ntawm cov terminals. Raws li txoj cai Ohm, tam sim no hauv tus neeg xyuas pib hloov pauv nrog qhov voltage. Txawm hais tias tam sim no thiab voltage yog interconnected los ntawm qhov tsis kam, tam sim no tsis tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj qhov voltage. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab voltage.
