Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Inductance vs Capacitance
Inductance thiab capacitance yog ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm RLC circuits. Inductors thiab capacitors, uas yog txuam nrog inductance thiab capacitance feem, feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv waveform generators thiab analog lim. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm inductance thiab capacitance yog qhov inductance yog cov khoom ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom tam sim no uas tsim cov hlau nplaum nyob ib ncig ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib thaum lub capacitance yog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov cuab yeej tuav thiab khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob.
Dab tsi yog Inductance?
Inductance yog "cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov pauv tam sim no los ntawm nws ua rau lub zog hluav taws xob hauv tus neeg xyuas pib nws tus kheej". Thaum ib lub xov tooj tooj yog qhwv ib ncig ntawm ib tug hlau core thiab ob lub npoo ntawm lub kauj yog muab tso rau ntawm lub roj teeb terminals, lub coil los ua ib tug hlau nplaum. Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim vim yog cov cuab yeej ntawm inductance.
Theories of Inductance
Muaj ntau qhov kev xav uas piav qhia txog tus cwj pwm thiab cov khoom ntawm inductance ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom tam sim no. Ib txoj kev xav tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob, Hans Christian Ørsted, hais tias ib qho chaw sib nqus, B, yog tsim nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg xyuas pib thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no, kuv, yuav dhau mus. Raws li kev hloov pauv tam sim no, lub teb sib nqus ua li cas. Ørsted txoj cai yog suav tias yog thawj qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hlau nplaum. Thaum cov tam sim no ntws tawm ntawm tus neeg soj ntsuam, cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub magnetic teb yog clockwise.
Daim duab 01: Oersted's Law
Raws li Faraday txoj cai ntawm induction, hloov magnetic teb induces ib tug electromotive quab yuam (EMF) nyob ze conductors. Qhov kev hloov ntawm magnetic teb no yog txheeb ze rau tus neeg xyuas pib, uas yog, lub teb tuaj yeem sib txawv, lossis tus neeg xyuas pib tuaj yeem txav mus los ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob.
Txoj kev xav thib peb yog Lenz txoj cai, uas tau hais tias EMF tsim nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib tawm tsam qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau nplaum. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias ib tug conduction hlau yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb thiab yog hais tias lub teb raug txo, ib tug EMF yuav induced nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib raws li Faraday txoj cai nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia uas cov induced tam sim no yuav reconstruct lub magnetic teb txo. Yog hais tias qhov kev hloov ntawm sab nraud magnetic teb d φ yog tsim, lub EMF (ε) yuav induce nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia. Cov kev xav no tau ua tiav rau ntau yam khoom siv. Qhov no EMF induction nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib nws tus kheej yog hu ua tus kheej inductance ntawm lub kauj, thiab qhov txawv ntawm tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib lub kauj yuav induce ib tug tam sim no nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg xyuas pib nyob ze. Qhov no hu ua kev sib nrig sib inductance.
ε=-dφ/dt
Ntawm no, lub cim tsis zoo qhia qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm EMG rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlau nplaum.
Units of Inductance thiab Daim Ntawv Thov
Inductance yog ntsuas hauv Henry (H), SI chav tsev muaj npe tom qab Joseph Henry uas pom qhov induction ntawm nws tus kheej. Inductance tau sau tseg tias 'L' hauv hluav taws xob circuits tom qab lub npe ntawm Lenz.
Los ntawm lub tswb hluav taws xob classical mus rau cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob niaj hnub wireless, induction yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv ntau qhov kev tsim kho tshiab. Raws li tau hais nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm no, lub magnetization ntawm ib tug tooj liab kauj yog siv rau hluav taws xob tswb thiab relays. Ib lub relay yog siv los hloov cov dej ntws loj uas siv cov tam sim no me me uas ua kom cov coil uas nyiam cov ncej ntawm qhov hloov ntawm cov tam sim no loj. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog qhov hloov mus los lossis qhov seem tam sim no Circuit Court breaker (RCCB). Nyob ntawd, cov nyob thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom siv tau dhau los ntawm cov coils cais uas sib koom tib lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, qhov system yog sib npaug txij li qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv thiab nruab nrab yog tib yam. Ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tam sim no hauv lub tsev hluav taws xob, qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv ob lub coils yuav sib txawv, ua kom tsis muaj qhov sib nqus sib nqus hauv cov tub ntxhais sib koom. Yog li, ib tug hloov ncej attracts mus rau lub hauv paus, dheev disconnecting lub Circuit Court. Ntxiv mus, ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam piv txwv xws li transformer, RF-ID system, wireless charging txoj kev, induction cookers, thiab lwm yam yuav muab.
Inductors kuj tsis kam hloov tam sim ntawm cov dej ntws los ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, ib tug high-frequency teeb liab yuav tsis dhau los ntawm ib tug inductor; tsuas yog maj mam hloov cov khoom yuav dhau mus. Qhov tshwm sim no yog ua haujlwm los tsim cov qauv qis-pass analog lim circuits.
Capacitance yog dab tsi?
Lub peev xwm ntawm lub cuab yeej ntsuas lub peev xwm tuav tau hluav taws xob hauv nws. Ib qho yooj yim capacitor yog tsim los ntawm ob cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov khoom siv dielectric sandwiched nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob tas li siv rau ob daim hlau hlau, cov nqi sib txawv tau khaws cia rau ntawm lawv. Cov nqi no yuav nyob twj ywm txawm tias qhov hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsis kam R muab tso rau txuas ob daim hlau ntawm lub capacitor them, lub capacitor tawm. Lub capacitance C ntawm lub cuab yeej yog txhais raws li qhov sib piv ntawm tus nqi (Q) nws tuav thiab qhov siv hluav taws xob, v, kom them nws. Capacitance yog ntsuas los ntawm Farads (F).
C=Q/v
Lub sij hawm coj mus them lub capacitor yog ntsuas los ntawm lub sij hawm tas li muab rau hauv: R x C. Ntawm no, R yog qhov tsis kam raws txoj kev them nyiaj. Lub sij hawm tas mus li yog lub sij hawm coj los ntawm lub capacitor kom them 63% ntawm nws lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws.
Khoom Muaj Peev Xwm thiab Daim Ntawv Thov
Capacitors tsis teb rau qhov tam sim no. Ntawm qhov kev them nyiaj ntawm lub capacitor, qhov tam sim no los ntawm nws sib txawv kom txog thaum nws tau them tag nrho, tab sis tom qab ntawd, qhov tam sim no tsis dhau ntawm lub capacitor. Qhov no yog vim lub dielectric txheej ntawm cov hlau daim hlau ua rau lub capacitor 'off-switch'. Txawm li cas los xij, lub capacitor teb rau qhov sib txawv tam sim no. Zoo li alternating tam sim no, qhov kev hloov ntawm AC voltage tuaj yeem them ntxiv lossis tso tawm lub capacitor ua rau nws 'rau-switch' rau AC voltages. Cov nyhuv no yog siv los tsim high-pass analog lim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo hauv lub peev xwm thiab. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov nqi nqa tam sim no hauv cov khoom siv ua kom muaj peev xwm ntawm ib leeg thiab cov khoom nyob ze. Cov nyhuv no yog hu ua stray capacitance. Hauv cov kab xa hluav taws xob, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm txhua txoj kab thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov kab thiab lub ntiaj teb, kev txhawb nqa cov qauv, thiab lwm yam. Vim yog cov dej ntws loj uas nqa los ntawm lawv, cov stray effect muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub zog poob hauv cov kab hluav taws xob.
Daim duab 02: Parallel phaj capacitor
Qhov txawv ntawm Inductance thiab Capacitance yog dab tsi?
Inductance vs Capacitance |
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| Inductance yog ib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom nqa tam sim no uas tsim cov hlau nplaum nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg xyuas pib. | Capacitance yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub cuab yeej los khaws cov nqi hluav taws xob. |
| ntsuas | |
| Inductance yog ntsuas los ntawm Henry (H) thiab yog cim li L. | Capacitance yog ntsuas hauv Farads (F) thiab yog cim ua C. |
| Devices | |
| Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog inductance yog lub npe hu ua inductors, uas feem ntau coils nrog cov tub ntxhais lossis tsis muaj tub ntxhais. | Capacitance yog txuam nrog capacitors. Muaj ntau hom capacitors siv hauv circuits. |
| Kev coj cwj pwm ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob | |
| Inductors teb rau qeeb hloov voltages. High-frequency AC voltages tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm inductors. | Tsawg-zaus AC voltages tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, vim lawv ua qhov cuam tshuam rau qis zaus. |
| Us raws li lim | |
| Inductance yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov lim dej qis. | Capacitance yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov lim dej siab. |
Summary – Inductance vs Capacitance
Inductance thiab capacitance yog cov khoom ywj pheej ntawm ob yam hluav taws xob sib txawv. Thaum lub inductance yog ib qho cuab yeej ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom tam sim no los tsim lub teb sib nqus, capacitance yog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej los tuav cov nqi hluav taws xob. Ob qho khoom siv no yog siv ntau yam kev siv ua lub hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo ib yam li ntawm lub zog poob. Cov lus teb ntawm inductance thiab capacitance rau qhov sib txawv tam sim no qhia txog tus cwj pwm txawv. Tsis zoo li inductors uas dhau qeeb-hloov AC voltages, capacitors thaiv qeeb zaus voltages dhau los ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm inductance thiab capacitance.
