Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Excitatory vs Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters yog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hlwb uas xa cov teeb liab hla lub synapse. Lawv raug faib ua ob pawg raws li lawv qhov kev ua; cov no yog hu ua excitatory thiab inhibitory neurotransmitters. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm excitatory thiab inhibitory neurotransmitters yog lawv txoj haujlwm; Excitatory neurotransmitters txhawb lub hlwb thaum inhibitory neurotransmitters sib npaug cov kev sim ntau dhau yam tsis ua rau lub hlwb.
Neurotransmitters yog dab tsi?
Neurons yog cov hlwb tshwj xeeb tsim los xa cov cim los ntawm lub paj hlwb. Lawv yog cov yooj yim functional units ntawm lub paj hlwb. Thaum ib tus neuron xa cov teeb liab tshuaj mus rau lwm tus neuron, cov leeg lossis lub caj pas, lawv siv cov tshuaj sib txawv uas nqa cov teeb liab (lus). Cov tshuaj no hu ua neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters nqa cov teeb liab tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm ib qho neuron mus rau cov neuron uas nyob ib sab lossis rau lub hom phiaj hlwb thiab, pab txhawb kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov hlwb raws li qhia hauv daim duab 01. Ntau hom neurotransmitters muaj nyob hauv lub cev; Piv txwv li, Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Glycine, Glutamate, Endorphins, GABA, Serotonin, Histamine thiab lwm yam Neurotransmission tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj synapses. Chemical synapse yog cov qauv lom neeg uas tso cai rau ob lub hlwb sib txuas lus kom xa cov cim tshuaj mus rau ib leeg siv cov neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg tseem ceeb hu ua excitatory neurotransmitters thiab inhibitory neurotransmitters raws li kev cuam tshuam lawv muaj nyob rau hauv postsynaptic neuron tom qab khi nrog nws cov receptors.
Figure_1:
Neuron synapse thaum lub sij hawm neurotransmitter re-uptake.
Neuron Action Potential yog dab tsi?
Neurons xa cov teeb liab siv lub peev xwm ua haujlwm. Neuron qhov peev xwm ua tau tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog qhov nce nrawm thiab poob ntawm cov hluav taws xob membrane muaj peev xwm (voltage sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav plasma) ntawm cov neuron raws li qhia hauv daim duab 02. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub zog ua rau depolarization ntawm cell membrane. Qhov peev xwm ua tau raug tsim tawm thaum lub peev xwm ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua thiab tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, cov neurons nyob rau hauv lub excitable theem. Thaum cov hluav taws xob membrane muaj peev xwm dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau, neurons nyob hauv lub xeev inhibitory.
Figure_2: Action Potential
Dab tsi yog Excitatory Neurotransmitters?
Yog tias qhov kev sib txuas ntawm cov neurotransmitter ua rau depolarization ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab tsim kom muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov pib lub peev xwm ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm ua rau hluav taws xob neuron, cov hom neurotransmitters no hu ua excitatory neurotransmitters. Lawv ua rau cov neuron ua kom zoo siab thiab txhawb lub hlwb. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov neurotransmitters khi nrog ion channel permeable rau cations. Piv txwv li, Glutamate yog ib qho excitatory neurotransmitter uas khi rau postsynaptic receptor thiab ua rau sodium ion channel qhib thiab tso cai rau sodium ions mus rau hauv lub cell. Kev nkag mus ntawm sodium ions nce qhov concentration ntawm cations, ua rau depolarization ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab tsim kom muaj peev xwm ua tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov poov tshuaj ion channel qhib thiab tso cai rau cov poov tshuaj ions tawm ntawm lub cell nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tswj cov nqi hauv daim nyias nyias. Potassium ion efflux thiab kaw ntawm sodium ion channels ntawm lub ncov ntawm lub peev xwm ua, hyperpolarize lub cell thiab normalize lub membrane muaj peev xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau tshwm sim hauv lub cell yuav xa cov teeb liab mus rau qhov kawg presynaptic thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau cov neeg nyob sib ze.
Piv txwv ntawm Excitatory Neurotransmitters
– Glutamate, Acetylcholine (excitatory thiab inhibitory), Epinephrine, Norepinephrine Nitric oxide, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog Inhibitory Neurotransmitters?
Yog tias kev khi ntawm cov tshuaj neurotransmitter rau postsynaptic receptor tsis tsim kom muaj peev xwm tua cov neuron, hom neurotransmitter hu ua inhibitory neurotransmitters. Qhov no ua raws li qhov tsim tawm ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias hauv qab ntawm qhov pib muaj peev xwm ntawm daim nyias nyias. Piv txwv li, GABA yog ib qho inhibitory neurotransmitter uas khi nrog GABA receptors nyob rau ntawm postsynaptic membrane thiab qhib cov ion channel permeable rau chloride ions. Kev nkag mus ntawm cov tshuaj chloride ions yuav tsim kom muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias ntau dua li qhov muaj peev xwm. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb liab kis tau tus mob yuav tshwm sim vim qhov inhibition tshwm sim los ntawm hyperpolarization. Inhibitory neurotransmitters tseem ceeb heev hauv kev ntsuas lub hlwb stimulation thiab ua kom lub hlwb ua haujlwm zoo.
Piv txwv ntawm Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
– GABA, Glycine, Serotonin, Dopamine, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Excitatory thiab Inhibitory Neurotransmitters yog dab tsi?
Excitatory vs Inhibitory Neurotransmitters |
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| Excitatory neurotransmitters txhawb lub hlwb. | Inhibitory Neurotransmitters calm lub hlwb thiab sib npaug ntawm lub hlwb stimulation. |
| Tsim kev muaj peev xwm | |
| Qhov no tsim kom muaj qhov zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau. | Qhov no ua rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj peev xwm deb dua qhov pib ua kom muaj peev xwm ua tau |
| Examples | |
| Glutamate, Acetylcholine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Nitric oxide | YGABA, Glycine, Serotonin, Dopamine |
Summary – Excitatory vs Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
Excitatory neurotransmitters yuav depolarize lub peev xwm ntawm daim nyias nyias thiab tsim kom muaj qhov hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws uas tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm, tsim kom muaj peev xwm ua tau. Inhibitory neurotransmitters khaws cov membrane muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv tus nqi tsis zoo nyob deb ntawm tus nqi pib uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim muaj peev xwm ua tau. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm excitatory thiab inhibitory neurotransmitters.
