Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Neuropeptides vs Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters thiab neuropeptides yog cov tshuaj molecules koom nrog hauv kev xa cov cim los ntawm cov neurones hauv lub paj hlwb. Neurotransmitters yog cov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom hnyav molecules xws li amino acids thiab me peptides. Cov neuropeptides yog ib hom neurotransmitters, thiab lawv tsuas yog tsim los ntawm peptides [proteins] nrog qhov hnyav dua molecular. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm neuropeptides thiab neurotransmitters. Muaj ntau lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neuropeptides thiab neurotransmitters hauv kev tsim khoom, kev ua, thiab kev tso tawm. Cov lus piav qhia nram qab no yuav pab koj nkag siab qhov sib txawv.
Neuropeptides yog dab tsi?
Neuropeptides yog cov protein me me uas muaj cov peptides feem ntau thiab siv los ntawm cov neurones kom dhau cov cim ntawm ib qho neurone mus rau lwm cov neurone. Cov no yog cov neurone signaling molecules, cuam tshuam lub hlwb thiab lub cev ua haujlwm. Muaj ntau hom neuropeptides. Kwv yees li 100 ntawm neuropeptide encoding genes pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj txhu genome. Neuropeptides muaj zog ntau dua li lwm cov tshuaj neurotransmitters. Cov peptides no tau khaws cia rau hauv cov leeg tuab thiab raug tso tawm nrog cov neurotransransmitters me me los tswj xyuas lub teeb liab kev sib tw.
Kev tso tawm ntawm neuropeptides tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib feem ntawm cov neurone, tsis yog los ntawm cov synapse kawg zoo li lwm cov neurotransmitters. Kev tsim cov neuropeptides ua raws li cov txheej txheem gene qhia. Neuropeptides khi nrog cov receptor tshwj xeeb lossis receptors nyob rau saum npoo ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm tes. Cov neuropeptide receptors feem ntau yog G-protein coupled receptors. Ib qho neuropeptide tuaj yeem khi rau ntau hom neuropeptide receptors thiab ua haujlwm sib txawv.
Cov neuropeptides feem ntau suav nrog hypocretin / orexin, vasopressin, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, thiab Norepinephrine.
Figure_1: Neuropeptide Synthesis
Neurotransmitters yog dab tsi?
Neurotransmitters yog cov tshuaj molecules uas pab txhawb cov teeb liab kis tau los ntawm neurones. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ib qho amino acid, peptide, monoamine, purines kab amine lossis lwm hom molecule. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub axon davhlau ya nyob twg, nyob rau hauv cov hnab me me hu ua synaptic vesicles uas yog enclosed los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Ib tug synaptic vesicle nqa ntau neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters raug tso tawm rau hauv ib qho chaw me me hu ua synaptic cleft los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua exocytosis raws li qhia hauv daim duab 01. Exocytosis yog ib qho kev thauj mus los uas siv los ntawm cov cell membrane los hloov cov molecules ntawm sab hauv mus rau sab nraud, siv lub zog. Neurotransmitters yuav muaj nyob rau ntawm lub synaptic cleft txog thaum lawv khi nrog cov receptors, procured nyob rau hauv lub postsynaptic kawg ntawm cov nyob ib sab neurone los yog lub hom phiaj cell. Qee cov neurotransmitters reuptake thaum qee qhov khi nrog cov receptors raug. Qee tus kuj raug hydrolysis los ntawm cov enzymes.
Qee yam piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj neurotransmitters suav nrog Acetylcholine, Glutamine, Glutamate, Serine, Glycine, Alanine, Aspartate, Dopamine, thiab lwm yam.
Figure_2: Synapse
Qhov txawv ntawm Neuropeptides thiab Neurotransmitters yog dab tsi?
Neuropeptides vs Neurotransmitters |
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| Neuropeptides yog cov molecules loj ua los ntawm 3 txog 36 amino acids. | Neurotransmitters yog cov me me molecules uas muaj cov sib txuas sib txawv. |
| Rov qab mus rau Nerve Cell | |
| Ib zaug zais, lawv tsis tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lub xovtooj. | Lawv tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm lub xovtooj tom qab tso tawm rau qhov kev sib tw synaptic. |
| Tom qab tso tawm | |
| Extracellular peptidases hloov kho cov neuropeptide | Tsis muaj kev hloov pauv yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj peptidases extracellular. |
| Neuropeptides khaws cia rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntom ntom. | Neurotransmitters yog khaws cia rau hauv me me synapse vesicles. |
| Qhov chaw | |
| Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob qhov twg hauv lub neurone. | Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv axon davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm qhov chaw presynaptic. |
| Secretions | |
| Secretions yog co-tso nrog me me neurotransmitters. | Secretions yog co-tso nrog neuropeptides. |
| Action | |
| Neuropeptides yog qhov ua haujlwm qeeb. | Neurotransmitters yog cov transmitters ceev ceev. |
| Synthesis | |
| Synthesis tshwm sim hauv ribosomes, ER, Golgi lub cev, thiab lwm yam. | Lawv yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm presynaptic kawg. |
| Efficiency | |
| Lawv ua tau zoo dua hauv kev xa cov teeb liab. | Lawv tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov teeb liab kis. |
| Kev sib tw | |
| Neuropeptides muaj nyob rau hauv qis dua li lwm cov neurotransmitters. | Neurotransmitters muaj nyob rau hauv siab ntau dua neuropeptides. |
| Diffusion ntawm qhov chaw tso tawm | |
| Lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tso tawm mus rau qhov deb thiab ua. | Lawv tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev sib cais sib cais. |
| Examples | |
| Piv txwv suav nrog Vasopressin thiab Cholecystokinin. | Piv txwv suav nrog Glycine, Glutamate, thiab Aspartate. |
Summary – Neuropeptides vs Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters yog cov tshuaj lom neeg me me, koom nrog hauv cov teeb liab kis los ntawm neurones. Muaj ntau hom neurotransmitters xws li ib qho amino acids, me me peptides, purines, amines, thiab lwm yam. Neuropeptides yog ib hom neurotransmitters, thiab lawv yog cov proteins me me uas muaj peptides. Neurotransmitters thiab neuropeptides tau ntim rau hauv cov vestse ua rau ntom nti, thiab synapoveris vesitively pom nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub neurone. Neuropeptides muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li cov pa neurotransmitters. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neurotransmitters me me tau nrawm nrawm thaum cov neuropeptides loj dua qeeb hauv qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Neuropeptides thiab Neurotransmitters.
