Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Hydroxyl vs Hydroxide
Ob lo lus hydroxyl thiab hydroxide suab zoo sib xws vim ob leeg muaj ob lub atom zoo sib xws, Oxygen (O=16) thiab Hydrogen (H=1). Hydroxide yog ib qho tsis zoo ion nrog ib tus nqi thiab hydroxyl tsis pom nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv dawb, nws yog ib feem ntawm lwm cov molecule lossis ion. Hydroxide ions yog reactive ntau dua li cov hydroxyl pawg nyob rau hauv ib tug molecule. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydroxyl thiab hydroxide.
Hydroxyl yog dab tsi?
Hydroxyl yog qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab thiab nws yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws ntawm hydroxide ion. Daim ntawv dawb ntawm hydroxyl (•HO) yog ib qho radical thiab thaum nws tau sib koom ua ke rau lwm cov molecules nws yog denoted li hydroxyl (–OH). Hydroxyl pawg tuaj yeem ua raws li nucleophiles thiab hydroxyl radical yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv cov organic chemistry. Hydroxyl pawg tsis muaj zog heev li lwm cov nucleophiles. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog cov neeg txhawb nqa hauv kev tsim kom muaj zog intramolecular rog hu ua 'hydrogen bonds'.
Y Hydroxide yog dab tsi?
Hydroxide yog diatomic anion uas muaj cov pa atom thiab hydrogen atom. Kev sib cog lus ntawm oxygen thiab hydrogen atom yog covalent thiab nws cov tshuaj formula yog OH -Tus kheej-ionization ntawm dej tsim hydroxyl ions thiab yog li hydroxyl ions yog ib feem ntawm cov dej. Hydroxide ions yog siv los ua lub hauv paus, ligand, nucleophile thiab catalyst hauv tshuaj lom neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen ions tsim cov ntsev nrog hlau cations thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv dissociate nyob rau hauv aqueous daws, tso solvated hydroxide ions. Ntau cov tshuaj inorganic tshuaj muaj lo lus "hydroxide" nyob rau hauv lawv lub npe, tab sis lawv tsis yog ionic thiab lawv yog covalent compounds uas muaj hydroxyl pawg.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hydroxyl thiab Hydroxide yog dab tsi?
qauv:
Hydroxyl: Hydroxyl yog ib qho hluav taws xob nruab nrab uas tuaj yeem pom tau ob txoj hauv kev, raws li cov radical thiab daim ntawv sib khi ua ke.
Hydroxyl radical Thaum nws yog covalently bonded rau ib molecule
Hydroxide: Hydroxide yog qhov tsis zoo ion ion thiab tus nqi tsis zoo yog nyob ntawm cov pa atom.
Properties:
Hydroxyl: Hydroxyl pawg muaj nyob hauv ntau cov organic tebchaw; cawv, carboxylic acids thiab hydroxyl pawg uas muaj suab thaj. Cov tshuaj uas muaj hydroxyl pawg xws li dej, cawv, thiab carboxylic acids tuaj yeem deprotonated tau yooj yim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pab pawg hydroxyl no koom nrog kev tsim cov hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds pab cov molecules los ua ke thiab qhov no ua rau muaj cov ntsiab lus kub kub thiab melting ntau dua. Feem ntau, cov organic tebchaw yog cov dej soluble tsis zoo; Cov molecules no dhau los ua dej me ntsis thaum lawv muaj ob lossis ntau pawg hydroxyl.
Hydroxide: Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj hydroxide raug suav hais tias yog corrosive heev, thiab qee qhov muaj kev phom sij heev. Thaum cov tshuaj no yaj hauv dej, cov hydroxide ion ua rau lub hauv paus muaj zog heev. Txij li thaum hydroxide ion dais tus nqi tsis zoo, nws feem ntau txuas rau qhov zoo ions.
Qee cov ionic tebchaw uas muaj hydroxide pawg hauv lawv cov molecule yaj tiag tiag hauv dej; corrosive puag xws li sodium hydroxide (NaOH) thiab potassium hydroxide (KOH) tuaj yeem coj los ua piv txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov lwm yam hydroxide uas muaj ionic compounds yog me ntsis insoluble hauv dej; Piv txwv yog tooj liab (II) hydroxide [Cu(OH)2 – ci xiav xim] thiab hlau (II) hydroxide[Fe(OH)2 – xim av].
Reactivity:
Hydroxyl: Hydroxyl pawg tsis tshua muaj zog dua piv rau pawg hydroxide. Tab sis, cov pab pawg hydroxyl tau yooj yim tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen thiab pab ua cov molecules ntau soluble hauv dej.
Txawm li cas los xij, hydroxyl radicals yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Hydroxide: Hydroxide (OH–) pawg yog suav tias yog ib qho muaj zog nucleophile hauv Organic chemistry.
