Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Idealism vs Naturalism
Idealism thiab Naturalism yog ob ceg ntawm kev xav ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas. Ua ntej txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv, ua ntej cia peb txhais lub hom phiaj thiab naturalism. Idealism yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev xav hauv lub tswv yim uas qhov tseeb tau ntseeg tias yog kev tsim lub hlwb. Naturalism yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev xav uas qhia txog kev tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ntuj tsim. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav thiab naturalism yog tias thaum lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tsom mus rau lub hlwb tsim lub xeev ntawm cov koom haum, naturalism tsom mus rau qhov muaj tseeb ntawm cov koom haum uas tswj hwm los ntawm ntuj tsim. Kab lus no yuav qhia meej qhov txawv thiab muab lub tswv yim pom tseeb ntawm ob txoj kev xav.
Idealism yog dab tsi?
Idealism tuaj yeem suav tias yog txoj hauv kev rau kev xav hauv qhov tseeb uas ntseeg tau tias yog lub hlwb tsim los tawm tsam qhov muaj tiag. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias rau cov tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog qhov tseeb version ntawm ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb tab sis lub hlwb tsim qauv ntawm nws. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov tswv yim qhia txog qhov nws yuav tsum sib txawv li cas. Idealists tsom ntsoov rau lub tswv yim, tswv yim, kev ntseeg, thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Ib qho kev ntseeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg muaj tswv yim yog tias lub siab nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, G. W. F. Hegel, James Jeans, Johann Fichte, George Berkeley, Fredrich Schelling yog qee tus neeg muaj npe nrov. Txawm nyob rau hauv kev xav, muaj ntau pawg xws li classical idealism, objective idealism, subjective idealism, metaphysical idealism, epistemological idealism, absolute idealism, practical idealism, real idealism, etc. Lub hwj chim ntawm lub tswv yim yuav pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev qhuab qhia. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev kawm idealism tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm raws li cov kws qhia ntawv qhia cov me nyuam ntawm ntau lub tswv yim uas ntseeg tau tias yog universal.
Immanuel Kant
Naturalism yog dab tsi?
Naturalism yog lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev xav uas qhia txog kev tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ntuj tsim. Naturalists ntseeg hais tias qhov kev hloov ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov rog no. Lawv tsis lees paub lub tswv yim hais tias lub ntiaj teb no yog tswj hwm los ntawm supernatural rog. Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav thiab kev xav yog kev xav yog tias thaum naturalism tsom ntsoov rau cov khoom siv, kev xav zoo siab tsom mus rau qhov tsis tsim nyog.
Naturalists ntseeg tias txoj kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau siv los nkag siab thiab tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb. Qee tus neeg tseem ceeb yog Roy Sellars, John Dewey, Sidney Hook, Paul de Vries, Robert T. Pennock thiab Ernest Nagel. Muaj ntau ceg ntawm naturalism xws li methodological naturalism, metaphysical naturalism, humanistic naturalism, ethical naturalism thiab sociological naturalism.
YJohn Dewey
Qhov txawv ntawm Idealism thiab Naturalism yog dab tsi?
Definition of Idealism and Naturalism:
Idealism: Txoj kev xav yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev xav uas qhov tseeb yog ntseeg tias yog kev tsim lub hlwb.
Naturalism: Naturalism yog ib txoj hauv kev rau kev xav uas qhia txog kev tswj hwm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm ntuj tsim.
Yam ntxwv Idealism thiab Naturalism:
Cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb:
Idealism: Immanuel Kant, Arthur Schopenhauer, G. W. F. Hegel, James Jeans, Johann Fichte, George Berkeley, Fredrich Schelling yog qee tus tswv yim nto moo.
Naturalism: Qee tus neeg tseem ceeb yog Roy Sellars, John Dewey, Sidney Hook, Paul de Vries, Robert T. Pennock thiab Ernest Nagel.
Cov koom haum:
Idealism: Idealism tsom mus rau lub xeev lub hom phiaj ntawm cov koom haum. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov neeg muaj tswv yim muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua txog cov koom haum yuav tsum ua li cas es tsis yog lawv li cas.
Naturalism: Naturalism tsom mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov koom haum.
Branches:
Idealism: Classical idealism, objective idealism, subjective idealism, metaphysical idealism, epistemological idealism, absolute idealism, practical idealism thiab real idealism is some ceg ntawm idealism.
Naturalism: Methodological naturalism, metaphysical naturalism, humanistic naturalism, ethical naturalism thiab sociological naturalism yog qee ceg ntawm naturalism.
