Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Neurotoxin vs Hemotoxin
Ua ntej sib tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin, cia peb xub pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm co toxins. Cov tshuaj lom yog ib qho chaw lom neeg lom zem tshwj xeeb molecular, uas tuaj yeem ua puas lossis tua cov kab mob nyob hauv nws qhov kev ua ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov co toxins no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj xws li neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin. Neurotoxins yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg los yog puas tsuaj rau cov paj hlwb. Hemotoxins yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau cov qe ntshav liab los yog ua rau hemolysis, cuam tshuam cov ntshav txhaws, thiab / lossis ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin; Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin ib yam nkaus. Kab lus no yuav qhia koj txog neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin thiab qhov txawv ntawm neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin.
Neurotoxin yog dab tsi?
Neurotoxins yog cov khoom siv uas ua rau tuag taus lossis ua kom puas rau cov paj hlwb. Neurotoxins ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog hauv lub paj hlwb. Txij li thaum lub paj hlwb nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov kab mob muaj sia yog ob qho tib si nyuaj thiab tseem ceeb rau kev ciaj sia, nws tau pom tseeb dhau los ua lub hom phiaj rau kev tawm tsam los ntawm ob qho tib si predators thiab prey. Cov kab mob venomous lossis tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau siv lawv cov neurotoxins los tua cov tsiaj los yog ntes cov tsiaj txhu. Neurotoxins yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm exogenous tshuaj neurological insults uas yuav ua phem rau lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si loj hlob thiab loj hlob paj hlwb. Txawm hais tias cov neurotoxins tsis tu ncua tsis zoo, lawv lub peev xwm los tsom qhov tseeb ntawm cov neural constituents yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Neurotoxins tiv thaiv kev tswj cov neuron hla cov cell membrane lossis cuam tshuam kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov neurons thoob plaws lub synapse. Tsis tas li ntawd, neurotoxins tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb peripheral. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev kho mob tsom rau txo qis neurotoxin-mediated cell raug mob muaj xws li antioxidant thiab antitoxin tswj.
Cov ntses puffer yog tus tsim cov tshuaj tetrodotoxin zoo.
Hemotoxin yog dab tsi?
Hemotoxins (tseem hu ua haemotoxins lossis hematotoxins) yog cov co toxins uas rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab, cuam tshuam cov ntshav txhaws, thiab / lossis ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Lo lus hemotoxin yog siv los ua cov co toxins uas ua rau cov ntshav ua kom puas tsuaj rau lwm cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov khoom siv hemotoxic tsis tu ncua yog mob heev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li thiab hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tuag. Kev poob ntawm tus ceg ceg muaj peev xwm ua tau txawm tias muaj kev kho sai. Tsiaj venoms/toxins muaj enzymes thiab lwm yam proteins uas yog hemotoxic lossis neurotoxic lossis qee zaum ob qho tib si. Hauv qee cov tsiaj reptiles, hemotoxic tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws li venom tab sis kuj pab digestion; Cov venom tuaj yeem zom cov protein nyob rau hauv ntu ntawm qhov tom, ua rau cov tsiaj nyeg cov nqaij zom tau yooj yim dua.
Pit Vipers yog tus paub zoo hemotoxin tsim.
Qhov txawv ntawm Neurotoxin thiab Hemotoxin yog dab tsi?
Qhov txawv ntawm neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no.
txhais ntawm Neurotoxin thiab Hemotoxin:
Neurotoxin: Neurotoxin yog tshuaj lom uas ua rau lub paj hlwb.
Hemotoxins: Hemotoxins yog cov co toxins uas rhuav tshem cov qe ntshav liab, lossis nws ua rau hemolysis, cuam tshuam cov ntshav txhaws, thiab / lossis ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas. Qhov no tseem hu ua haemotoxins lossis hematotoxins.
yam ntxwv ntawm Neurotoxin thiab Hemotoxin:
Keeb kwm ntawm co toxins:
Neurotoxin: Cov kab mob venomous lossis tshuaj lom neeg siv lawv cov neurotoxins los tua cov tsiaj los yog cov tsiaj txhu feem ntau rau lawv kev tiv thaiv lossis rau lawv noj. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, vim muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig, kev lag luam kev ua haujlwm thiab qee cov hlau hnyav xws li neurotoxins tau raug tso tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Qee cov kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem tsim cov neurotoxins xws li botulinum toxin.
Hemotoxins feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj venom xws li vipers thiab pit vipers.
Piv txwv Tsiaj uas tso cov co toxins:
Neurotoxin: Pufferfish, dej hiav txwv hnub ci thiab porcupine ntses ntiav Tetrodotoxin neurotoxins. Scorpion venom muaj Chlorotoxin. Cov pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cone snails siv ntau hom conotoxins. Botulinum toxin yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob Clostridium botulinum.
Hemotoxins: Cov tshuaj lom uas tsim los ntawm cov nab xws li rattlesnakes, tooj liab-lub taub hau, cottonmouths vipers thiab pit vipers suav nrog hemotoxins.
Lub hom phiaj thiab cov kabmob hauv cov kabmob muaj sia:
Neurotoxin: Qhov no tuaj yeem tawm tsam lub hauv paus paj hlwb thiab lub paj hlwb peripheral, paj hlwb, inhibition ntawm neurotransmitter (acetylcholinesterase) muaj peev xwm.
Hemotoxins: Qhov no feem ntau ua rau cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tseem ceeb hauv lub cev.
Cov tsos mob, cov tsos mob, thiab teeb meem:
Neurotoxin: Kev puas tsuaj rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb suav nrog kev tsis taus ntawm kev txawj ntse, tsis nco qab tsis zoo, qaug dab peg, thiab dementia. Peripheral paj hlwb puas vim neurotoxins xws li neuropathy lossis myopathy ua rau tuag tes tuag taw.
Hemotoxins: Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob muaj xws li xeev siab, hemolysis, ntshav txhaws, cov ntaub so ntswg puas, disorientation, thiab mob taub hau
Lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau pib ntawm cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob thiab txheej txheem ntawm kev tuag:
Neurotoxin: Lub sijhawm tsim nyog rau qhov pib ntawm cov tsos mob yog ua raws li cov kab mob neurotoxin uas tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov co toxins sib txawv, ua raws li cov xuab moos rau cov tshuaj botulinum thiab xyoo rau txhuas.
Hemotoxins: Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim sai heev tom qab noj hemotoxin rau hauv cov ntshav. Cov txheej txheem uas hemotoxin ua rau kev tuag qeeb qeeb dua li ntawm neurotoxin.
Kev kho mob:
Neurotoxin: Antioxidant thiab antitoxin tswj tau siv los kho tus mob no.
Hemotoxins: Kev tswj hwm tshuaj Antitoxin tuaj yeem siv los kho tus mob no.
Examples:
Neurotoxin: Piv txwv ntawm Neurotoxin muaj xws li txhuas, ethanol lossis haus cawv, Manganese, glutamate, nitric oxide (NO), botulinum toxin (xws li Botox), tetanus toxin, organophosphates, thiab tetrodotoxin. Ntau dhau ntawm nitric oxide thiab glutamate kuj ua rau cov neuron puas. Neurotoxins tuaj yeem raug cais ntxiv raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua. Piv txwv yog;
- Na channel inhibitors - Tetrodotoxin
- Cl channel inhibitors - Chlorotoxin
- Ca channel inhibitors - Conotoxin
- K channel inhibitors - Tetraethylammonium
- Inhibitors ntawm synaptic vesicle tso tawm xws li Botulinum toxin thiab tetanus toxin
- Receptor inhibitors - Bungarotoxin thiab Curare
- Receptor agonists - 25I-NBOMe thiab JWH-018
- ntshav-hlwb barrier inhibitors - Txhuas thiab mercury
- Cytoskeleton cuam tshuam - Arsenic thiab ammonia
- Ca-mediated cytotoxicity - Lead
- Ntau yam teebmeem - Ethanol
- Endogenous neurotoxin qhov chaw - Nitric oxide thiab glutamate
Hemotoxins: Viper venom
Nyob rau hauv xaus, ob qho tib si neurotoxin thiab hemotoxin yog cov tshuaj lom neeg ua rau lub neej muaj kev phom sij uas feem ntau yog los ntawm cov tsiaj venom los tiv thaiv lawv ntawm cov tsiaj txhu thiab pab txhawb lawv txoj hnyuv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua yog txawv ntawm ib leeg vim tias neurotoxins feem ntau tsom rau lub paj hlwb thaum hemotoxins feem ntau tsom cov ntshav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg.
