Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Dej Nyuaj thiab Dej Hnyav

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Dej Nyuaj thiab Dej Hnyav
Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Dej Nyuaj thiab Dej Hnyav

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Dej Nyuaj thiab Dej Hnyav

Video: Qhov txawv ntawm Cov Dej Nyuaj thiab Dej Hnyav
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Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Dej Hiav Txwv vs Hnyav Dej

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej tawv thiab cov dej hnyav yog lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg raws li ob hom, "dej tawv" thiab "dej hnyav" hais txog cov dej nrog ob lub hydrogen atoms thiab ib qho Oxygen atom hauv cov dej molecule. Thaum peb xav txog cov molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej hnyav, nws muaj ntau dua Deuterium atoms dua Hydrogen atoms. Cov molecular muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov dej nyuaj yog tib yam li cov dej ib txwm, tab sis nws cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg (Magnesium-Mg thiab Calcium - Ca) kuj siab dua cov dej mos.

Dej Hnyav yog dab tsi?

Ib tus dej molecule muaj ob lub hydrogen atoms thiab Oxygen atom. Hydrogen muaj peb isotopes; protium (99.98%), deuterium thiab tritium. Protium muaj ib tug electron thiab ib tug neutron. Deuterium muaj ib tug neutron nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntxiv rau cov electron thiab cov proton. Deuterium yog ob zaug hnyav dua li cov hydrogen ntau tshaj plaws atom.

Hnyav dej muaj qhov feem ntau ntawm deuterium atoms dua li Hydrogen atom ib txwm. Yog li ntawd, nws qhov hnyav molecular thiab qhov ceev yog siab dua li cov dej ib txwm muaj. Nws tau hais tias qhov ntom ntawm cov dej hnyav yog 11 npaug ntau dua li cov dej ib txwm.

dej hnyav vs dej nyuaj
dej hnyav vs dej nyuaj

Ib qho piv txwv keeb kwm ntawm "dej hnyav", ntim rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav kaw.

Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj?

Feem ntau, dej muaj qee cov zaub mov xws li Magnesium, Calcium thiab Potassium. Tab sis, dej tawv muaj ntau cov zaub mov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Magnesium (Mg) thiab Calcium (Ca) dua li dej ib txwm (dej muag). Vim qhov tseeb no, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dej tawv yog ntau dua li qhov nyuaj ntawm cov dej ib txwm muaj. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum cov dej saum npoo ntws los ntawm cov av mus rau hauv av txheej los ntawm kev ua kom cov zaub mov hauv cov dej tsis muaj dej.

dej tawv tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis nws ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntxiv xws li tso cov xim dawb tso rau hauv cov khoom ua noj lossis cov khoom kub kub, chav dej hauv pem teb thiab hauv cov kav dej.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm Cov Dej Hnyav thiab Dej Hnyav
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Cov Dej Hnyav thiab Dej Hnyav

Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv thiab Dej Hnyav?

Definition of Hard Dej thiab Hnyav Dej

Hnyav dej: Cov dej hnyav yog cov dej uas muaj qhov feem ntau ntawm deuterium atoms, siv rau hauv nuclear reactors

Cov Dej Nyuaj: Dej Nyuaj yog cov dej uas muaj cov ntsev yaj ntawm calcium thiab magnesium.

Cov Khoom Siv Dej thiab Dej Hnyav

Composition

Hnyav Dej: Cov dej hnyav muaj ntau feem ntawm Deuterium (muaj ib qho ntxiv neutron hauv nuclear) atoms dua li cov dej qub. Nws muaj ob qho tib si Hydrogen atoms thiab Deuterium atoms tsim cov dej molecules muaj cov mis molecular li D 2 O (Deuterium Oxide) thiab HDO (Hydrogen-Deuterium Oxide).

Cov Dej Nyuaj: Hauv qib molecular, qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov dej tawv zoo ib yam li cov dej ib txwm muaj (H 2 O). Tab sis, nws muaj ntau cov zaub mov; Magnesium thiab Calcium dua li cov dej haus ib txwm.

Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg

Hnyav Dej: Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov dej hnyav zoo ib yam li cov dej ib txwm muaj, tab sis nws muaj tus nqi siab. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov dej hnyav tsis qhia qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb vim tias tib qho Oxygen atom pab txhawb txog 89% rau qhov hnyav molecular. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha ntawm cov dej hnyav txawv ntawm cov dej ib txwm muaj.

Cov Dej Nyuaj: Hardness yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas txawv ntawm cov dej ib txwm muaj.

USGS kev faib tawm ntawm dej hardness

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.

Hardness / mgl-1
0-60
61- 120
121-180 dej khov
< 180

Qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj qhov hnyav hauv cov dej haus yog 80-100 mgl -1

He alth Effect

Hnyav Dej: Qee qhov Deuterium muaj nyob hauv tib neeg lub cev, tab sis ntau ntawm Deuterium ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg lub cev, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Cov Dej Nyuaj: Cov dej tawv ua rau tsis muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv hauv tib neeg lub cev, tab sis nws ua rau qee qhov teeb meem xws li thaiv cov kav dej thiab tso cov pob zeb hauv av rau hauv cov cua sov, cov khoom siv ua noj thiab hauv chav dej. Txhawm rau kov yeej cov teeb meem no los ntawm cov dej tawv, cov zaub mov raug tshem tawm. Qhov no hu ua softening. Txoj kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws yog ion-exchange resins ua softener.

Image Courtesy: "Dripping faucet 1" los ntawm Tus Neeg Siv: Dschwen - Tus kheej ua haujlwm. (CC BY-SA 2.5) ntawm Wikimedia Commons "Deuterium oxide Norsk" los ntawm Alchemist-hp (tham) (www.pse-mendelejew.de) - Tus kheej ua haujlwm. (FAL) via Commons

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