Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm allotropes thiab isotopes yog tias allotropes raug txiav txim siab ntawm qib molecular whereas isotopes raug txiav txim siab ntawm qib atomic.
Muaj txog 118 lub ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm raws li lawv tus lej atomic. Ib lub caij yog ib yam tshuaj uas muaj ib hom atoms nkaus xwb; li no, lawv yog neeg dawb huv. Allotropes yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib lub tebchaw thaum isotopes yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib lub caij.
Allotropes yog dab tsi?
Allotropes yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib lub caij hauv qib molecular. Lawv qhia cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev. Ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tshuaj, carbon, oxygen, sulfur thiab phosphorous yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas muaj allotropes. Cov pa roj carbon ntau muaj cov allotropes. Lub yim allotropes ntawm carbon sib txawv loj ntawm ib leeg. Piv txwv li, pob zeb diamond yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws allotrope ntawm carbon whereas graphite tsis muaj zog. Cov pa roj carbon nanotubes, fullerene, thiab amorphous carbon yog lwm cov allotropes ntawm carbon.
Daim duab 1: Allotropes ntawm Carbon
Rau lub ntsiab lus oxygen, muaj ob hom allotropes li O2 thiab O3. O2 muaj ntau dua O3. Feem ntau, hauv qhov xwm txheej, qee qhov allotropes muaj ntau dua li lwm tus vim lawv qhov ruaj khov. Phosphorus muaj peb allotropes li liab, dawb thiab dub phosphorus. Los ntawm cov no, liab thiab dawb phosphorus yog cov feem ntau. Allotropes sib txawv ntawm ib leeg vim yog lub atomic kev npaj, tus naj npawb ntawm atoms, thiab lwm yam.
Isotopes yog dab tsi?
Isotopes yog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg vim lawv muaj ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons. Txij li tus lej neutron txawv, lawv cov lej kuj txawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov isotopes ntawm tib lub caij muaj tib tus lej ntawm protons thiab neutrons. Cov isotopes sib txawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab peb tuaj yeem muab qhov no raws li qhov feem pua tus nqi hu ua txheeb ze abundance. Piv txwv li, hydrogen muaj peb isotopes li protium, deuterium thiab tritium. Lawv tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons thiab cov txheeb ze muaj ntau yog raws li hauv qab no.
Daim duab 2: Cov Isotopes sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg Hydrogen
Tus naj npawb ntawm neutrons ib lub nucleus tuaj yeem tuav txawv ntawm lub caij mus rau lub caij. Ntawm cov isotopes, tsuas yog qee qhov ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, oxygen muaj peb lub isotopes ruaj khov, thiab tin muaj kaum isotopes ruaj khov. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus yooj yim muaj tib tus lej neutron li tus lej proton. Tab sis, hauv cov ntsiab lus hnyav, muaj cov neutrons ntau dua li cov protons. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sib npaug ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov nuclei. Thaum cov nuclei hnyav dhau lawm, lawv yuav tsis ruaj khov; Yog li ntawd, cov isotopes ua radioactive. Piv txwv li, 238U emits hluav taws xob thiab lwj mus rau ntau lub nuclei me me. Isotopes tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txawv vim lawv qhov sib txawv. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav muaj qhov sib txawv; yog li lawv cov NMR spectra txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tus lej electron zoo ib yam, ua rau muaj kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo sib xws.
Qhov txawv ntawm Allotropes thiab Isotopes yog dab tsi?
Allotropes yog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm tib lub caij hauv qib molecular. Isotopes yog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm allotropes thiab isotopes yog tias allotropes raug txiav txim siab ntawm qib molecular, hos isotopes raug txiav txim siab ntawm qib atomic. Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm allotropes thiab isotopes yog tias cov allotropes txawv ntawm ib leeg ntawm txoj kev atoms tau teem caij thaum isotopes txawv ntawm ib leeg ntawm cov neutrons.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm allotropes thiab isotopes.
Summary – Allotropes vs Isotopes
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus allotrope thiab isotope suab zoo sib xws, lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg raws li lawv lub ntsiab lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm allotropes thiab isotopes yog tias allotropes raug txiav txim siab ntawm qib molecular, hos isotopes raug txiav txim siab ntawm qib atomic.
