Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Nruam Isotopes vs Radioisotopes
Isotopes yog cov qauv sib txawv ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov atomic sib txawv. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias isotopes ntawm ib yam tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg atomic tab sis txawv atomic masses. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov isotopes muaj ntau tus lej ntawm neutrons hauv lawv cov atomic nuclei. Qee cov isotopes ruaj khov thaum qee qhov tsis ruaj khov. Cov isotopes ruaj khov yog ib txwm tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj. Cov isotopes ruaj khov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv atomic lossis ua ke nrog lwm cov atoms. Cov isotopes tsis ruaj khov tau dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg mus txog thaum lawv tau txais lub xeev ruaj khov. Cov isotopes no hu ua radioisotopes. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov isotopes ruaj khov thiab cov xov tooj cua isotopes yog tias cov isotopes ruaj khov tsis muaj cov kab hluav taws xob tawg thaum cov xov tooj cua isotopes raug cov hluav taws xob tawg.
Isotopes ruaj khov yog dab tsi?
ruaj khov isotopes yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg, muaj cov nuclei ruaj khov. Cov atoms muaj tib tus lej atomic (tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons hauv atomic nuclei) vim tias lawv yog tib yam tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis cov atomic masses txawv ntawm ib leeg vim lawv muaj cov lej sib txawv ntawm cov neutrons hauv atomic nuclei.
Cov isotopes ruaj khov yog cov tsis muaj hluav taws xob vim qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov atomic nuclei. Yog li ntawd, cov atoms tsis tawm hluav taws xob. Ib qho tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm muaj ntau dua ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qee yam tshuaj, tag nrho cov isotopes tsis ruaj khov; yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov xov tooj cua.
Daim duab 1: Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sijhawm Xim raws li tus lej ntawm cov isotopes ruaj khov
Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm atomic nuclei nyob ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb:
- Ratio ntawm protons thiab neutrons
- Sum ntawm protons thiab neutrons
"Cov lej khawv koob" yog lub tswv yim tshuaj uas siv los txiav txim siab qhov ruaj khov ntawm qee yam atomic nucleus. Nws muab cov naj npawb ntawm cov electrons tam sim no hauv isotopes ruaj khov. Tus nab npawb khawv koob tuaj yeem yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov protons lossis txawm tias muaj pes tsawg tus neutrons nyob hauv lub nucleus.
Magic naj npawb: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 thiab 126
Yog tias tus lej atomic ntawm ib qho isotope sib npaug rau ib qho ntawm cov lej saum toj no, ces nws yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias ib qho isotope muaj 114 protons, nws yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Ntxiv mus, yog tias muaj 126 lossis 184 neutrons tam sim no, lawv kuj yog cov isotopes ruaj khov. Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias qhov sib piv ntawm protons thiab neutrons hauv ib lub atom yog tus lej, ces cov isotopes no feem ntau yog cov isotopes ruaj khov.
Radioisotopes yog dab tsi?
Radioisotopes yog cov isotopes tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg uas dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg. Cov isotopes no dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg vim tias lawv muaj cov atomic nuclei tsis ruaj khov. Feem ntau cov tshuaj muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj cov xov tooj cua isotopes whereas qee cov ntsiab lus tsuas muaj radioactive isotopes (Ex: Uranium).
Daim duab 2: Cov xov tooj cua sib txawv thiab lawv cov xov tooj cua tawg
Radioactive isotopes tsis ruaj khov vim ntau yam:
Muaj ntau cov neutrons hauv atomic nucleus piv rau cov protons
Nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj cua no, cov neutrons hloov mus rau hauv protons thiab electrons thaum lub sij hawm radioactive decay
Muaj ntau tus lej ntawm protons hauv atomic nucleus
Nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj cua no, protons hloov mus rau hauv neutrons thiab positrons
Muaj ntau tus lej ntawm protons thiab electrons
Cov xov tooj cua no tau dhau los ua alpha lwj qhov twg ob lub protons thiab ob lub neutrons raug tso tawm ua alpha particles
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ruaj khov Isotopes thiab Radioisotopes?
Stable Isotopes vs Radioisotopes |
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| ruaj khov isotopes yog cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg, muaj cov nuclei ruaj khov. | Radioisotopes yog cov isotopes tsis ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg. |
| Kev ruaj ntseg | |
| Cov isotopes ruaj khov yog qhov ruaj khov heev thiab tsis dhau mus rau cov hluav taws xob tawg. | Radioisotopes tsis ruaj khov thiab dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg kom tau txais lub xeev ruaj khov. |
| Kev muaj 114 protons ua rau isotope ruaj khov isotope. | Kev muaj tus lej ntau ntawm cov protons ua rau isotope a radioisotope. |
| Neutrons | |
| Kev muaj 126 lossis 184 neutrons ua rau isotope ruaj khov isotope. | Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neutrons hauv lub vojvoog atomic siab dua li cov protons. |
Summary – Stable Isotopes vs Radioisotopes
Isotopes yog atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov lej atomic tib yam tab sis txawv atomic masses. Qee cov isotopes ruaj khov thaum lwm tus tsis ruaj khov. Cov isotopes ruaj khov yog cov ntaub ntawv tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov isotopes tsis ruaj tsis khov tseem hu ua radioisotopes vim tias cov isotopes tau dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tawg kom tau txais lub xeev ruaj khov. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov isotopes ruaj khov thiab cov xov tooj cua isotopes yog nyob ntawm lawv lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj hluav taws xob tawg.
