Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Tshuaj vs Lub Cev Tawm Tsam
Tshuaj thiab lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ob hom kev hloov pauv ntawm cov teeb meem thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nws tsis yog cov tshuaj qub qub uas muaj ua ntej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv lawm, ib yam khoom uas ua rau lub cev tawm tsam tseem yog cov khoom qub thaum nws lub xeev lossis cov duab hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab lub cev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tag nrho lub zog tseem nyob tas li.
Tshuaj Reaction yog dab tsi?
Ib tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim thaum ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab tag nrho lossis hloov cov khoom qub ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ntej. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj, cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khoom siv thawj zaug tau hloov pauv. Qhov no suav nrog kev rhuav lossis ua cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg.
Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau thaum pib ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hu ua "reactants" thiab cov khoom tsim tshiab hu ua "cov khoom". Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov reactants yog sib npaug rau cov khoom muaj nyob hauv cov khoom.
Piv txwv 1: Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pob txha pob txha
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4 CO 2 + 6 H2O
(Reactants) (Cov khoom lag luam)
Kev tawg ntawm foob pob hluav taws yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Lub cev tiv thaiv dab tsi?
Kev tawm dag zog lub cev hauv cov tshuaj tseem hu ua "kev hloov pauv lub cev". Txhawm rau kom nkag siab txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj lub tswv yim meej txog lub cev ntawm qhov teeb meem. Lub cev muaj zog yog cov khoom uas tsis hloov cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qhov teeb meem. Cov khoom no tuaj yeem ntsuas tau yam tsis hloov qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov teeb meem. Lub cev muaj xws li cov tsos, kev ntxhib los mos, xim, tsw, melting point, boiling point, ntom, solubility, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tawm dag zog lub cev cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov teeb meem lossis cov duab, tab sis tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nws cov ntsiab lus.
Example1: Sib xyaw cov suab thaj hauv dej
Qhov no yog kev tawm dag zog lub cev. Vim tsis muaj dab tsi tshiab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib tov suab thaj nrog dej. Qhov tshwm sim tsuas yog qab zib hauv dej. Yog tias koj evaporate qhov sib tov, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom pib.
Piv txwv 2: Kev khov dej khov, yaj dej khov thiab evaporation ntawm dej.
Tag nrho peb cov txheej txheem no yog lub cev hloov dej. Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov no, kev hloov pauv tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yog dej sib txawv.
Cov dej khov yaj yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tawm dag zog lub cev
Qhov sib txawv ntawm Tshuaj thiab Lub Cev Muaj Zog yog dab tsi?
Kev txhais tshuaj thiab lub cev tiv thaiv
Tshuaj tiv thaiv: Tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho kev hloov pauv uas ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tshiab.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev yog qhov hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj, tab sis tsis yog nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg.
yam ntxwv ntawm tshuaj thiab lub cev tiv thaiv
Hloov pauv hauv Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Txheej Txheem
tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom qub ntawm cov tshuaj thawj zaug lossis tsim cov tshuaj tshiab tag nrho.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev tsis hloov cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom sib txuas, tab sis nws ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub xeev.
| Lub cev hloov pauv | tshuaj hloov pauv |
| iav tawg | tsheb kauj vab rusting |
| Hmoob ntoo ua ke | khoom noj rotten |
| Melting butter rau paj kws | corroding hlau |
| Sib cais xuab zeb los ntawm gravel | pab koj cov plaub hau |
| foob pob hluav taws tawg | |
| Squeezing txiv kab ntxwv ua kua txiv kab ntxwv. | Kub nplooj |
| ua ntsev rau gargle | Burnt toast |
| ice cream | frying egg |
Kev hloov pauv
Tshuaj tiv thaiv: Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog irreversible.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev yog thim rov qab.
Hloov Cov Khoom
tshuaj tiv thaiv: Tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj.
Hloov pauv hauv tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- Kev hloov pauv
- Tsim kom muaj ib qho khoom (Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nag lossis daus)
- Tsim cov roj lossis tsis hnov tsw (effervescence reactions)
- Hloov lub zog (endothermic lossis exothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv)
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev: Ib yam khoom uas ua rau lub cev tawm tsam; hloov nws cov duab los yog theem, tshuav cov khoom raws li nws yog.
Kev Xav Tau Zog
tshuaj tiv thaiv: Muaj qee lub zog tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tau kov yeej thiaj li muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws hu ua "kev ua kom lub zog".
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev: Tsis muaj lub zog xav tau ntawm lub cev.
Image Courtesy: "Physics teeb meem lub xeev hloov pauv 1 en" los ntawm ElfQrin - Tus kheej ua haujlwm. (GFDL) via Wikimedia Commons Melting Ice Cubes by jar [o] [CC BY 2.0] via Flickr
