Heredity vs Variation
Kev yug me nyuam thiab kev hloov pauv yog ob nqe lus zoo sib xws hauv cov noob caj noob ces, txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm kev sib txawv thiab kev hloov pauv, uas yuav tsum tau nkag siab zoo. Heredity yog qhov dhau ntawm cov cim ntawm niam txiv rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Ib tug menyuam yaus tuaj yeem tau txais cov cim los ntawm kev sib deev lossis kev yug menyuam. Ntawm qhov tod tes, variation yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv qub qub. Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv caj ces lossis ib puag ncig hloov pauv.
Hnub yog dab tsi?
Txhua tus kab mob yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm nws niam txiv kab mob los ntawm kev sib deev los yog kev sib deev. Hauv kev yug me nyuam asexual, cov tib neeg tau txais cov caj ces zoo sib xws los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv. Whereas, hauv kev sib deev, ib nrab ntawm cov noob yog los ntawm leej niam thiab ib nrab yog los ntawm leej txiv. Yog li, progeny zoo li lawv niam lawv txiv ntau dua li lwm tus neeg tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam. Qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv uas tau txais lawv cov noob los ntawm niam txiv yog hu ua heredity.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob phenotype lossis cov tsos mob sab nraud ntawm tus neeg raug txiav txim los ntawm nws cov caj ces (genotype; G) thiab ib puag ncig (E) uas lawv nyob (P=G + E). E.g. Qee cov nroj tsuag siab yuav stunted thaum lawv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav uas yuav tsis muaj dej thiab lwm yam khoom noj.
Cov lus piav qhia saum toj no yog cov cim qub qub.
Txoj kev xeeb tub yog cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm lawv cov noob los ntawm niam txiv
Variation yog dab tsi?
Variation tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tib neeg hauv cov pej xeem. Discrete variations thiab nruam variations yog ob hom variations.
Discrete variations – discrete variations can be demarcated by their genit nature. Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no tau tswj hwm los ntawm ib lossis ob peb lub noob, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov noob qhia yog tsawg heev.
E.g. Cov xim qhov muag muaj qhov sib txawv xws li xim av, xiav.
pob ntseg ntawm tus neeg tuaj yeem txuas lossis pub dawb.
Kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua - hom kev hloov pauv no qhia tsis tu ncua hloov cov txiaj ntsig lossis cov ntaub ntawv rau tus cwj pwm xaiv. Yog li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv zoo li no yog tswj hwm los ntawm ntau cov noob los yog polygenes. Yog li, nws tseem hu ua polygenic cim. Ib puag ncig cuam tshuam los ntawm tus cwj pwm qhia.
E.g. Qhov siab ntawm ib tug neeg los yog tsob nroj.
Cov cim txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem sawv cev siv cov kab sib faib zaus.
Phenotypic variations ntawm ib tug neeg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm caj ces thiab ib puag ncig variations. Genetic variations nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv, rov ua dua, thiab cov noob ntws. Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv mus tas li ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm lub cev. Yog tias qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim hauv cheeb tsam coding, cov khoom ntawm cov noob yuav txawv (xws li DDT tiv thaiv yoov tshaj cum tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv). Recombination yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib pauv cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov tsis yog tus muam chromatids. Yog li ntawd, gametes tsim los ntawm ib leeg ntawm tes faib lub voj voog ua ib qho tshwj xeeb rau ib leeg. Gene flow tshwm sim thaum ib tus neeg lub cev txav mus rau hauv cov neeg tshiab. Nws nce qhov kev hloov pauv hauv alleles hauv cov pejxeem.
Tus Neeg Laus Osteocephalus cannatellai qhia kev hloov pauv hauv dorsal xim
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm Heredity thiab Variation?
Definition of Heredity and Variation:
• Kev tshwm sim yog kev dhau ntawm cov cim ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tus.
• Kev hloov pauv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cim pom cov kab mob.
Phenotypic Cim:
• Ob qho tib si thiab kev hloov pauv muaj xws li cov cim phenotypic ntawm lub cev.
Ib puag ncig thiab Genotype Influence:
• Ob hom kev sib txawv thiab kev hloov pauv yog cuam tshuam los ntawm genotype ntawm cov kab mob thiab ib puag ncig uas cov kab mob nyob.
Qhov tseem ceeb hauv Evolution:
• Ob hom kab mob thiab kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv; rau natural selection.
