Photoelectric Effect vs Photovoltaic Effect
Txoj kev uas cov electrons raug tso tawm hauv cov nyhuv photoelectric thiab cov nyhuv photovoltaic tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Lub prefix 'daim duab' hauv ob nqe lus no qhia tias ob qho tib si cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim vim kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub teeb. Qhov tseeb, lawv koom nrog emission ntawm electrons los ntawm kev nqus ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv txawv hauv kev txhais raws li cov kauj ruam ntawm kev nce qib sib txawv hauv txhua kis. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ob txheej txheem yog tias nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv photoelectric, cov electrons raug tso tawm mus rau qhov chaw whereas, nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv photovoltaic, cov emitted electrons ncaj qha nkag mus rau cov khoom tshiab. Wb sib tham txog qhov nthuav dav ntawm no.
Photoelectric Effect yog dab tsi?
Nws yog Albert Einstein uas tau tawm tswv yim no hauv xyoo 1905 los ntawm kev sim cov ntaub ntawv. Nws kuj tau piav qhia nws txoj kev xav ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub teeb los ntawm kev lees paub qhov muaj nyob ntawm nthwv dej-particle dual rau txhua hom teeb meem thiab hluav taws xob. Hauv nws qhov kev sim hauv cov nyhuv photoelectric, nws piav qhia tias thaum lub teeb raug tshem tawm ntawm cov hlau rau ib lub sijhawm, cov hluav taws xob dawb hauv cov hlau atoms tuaj yeem nqus tau lub zog ntawm lub teeb thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw. Yuav kom qhov no tshwm sim, lub teeb yuav tsum nqa ib theem ntawm lub zog siab tshaj ib tug tej yam nqi pib. Tus nqi pib no tseem hu ua 'kev ua haujlwm' ntawm cov hlau. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov electron ntawm nws lub plhaub. Ntxiv lub zog muab yuav hloov mus rau hauv lub zog kinetic ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tso cai rau nws txav mus los tom qab tso tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsuas yog lub zog sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau muab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav nyob twj ywm rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau, tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los vim tsis muaj zog kinetic.
Rau lub teeb hloov nws lub zog mus rau ib qho hluav taws xob uas yog cov khoom siv hauv paus, nws xav tias lub zog ntawm lub teeb yog, qhov tseeb, tsis tas li zoo li nthwv dej, tab sis los ntawm cov pob ntawv hluav taws xob sib cais uas hu ua 'quanta.' Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho ua tau rau lub teeb hloov txhua lub zog quanta rau ib tus neeg electrons ua rau lawv tawm ntawm lawv lub plhaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum cov hlau raug kho raws li cathode nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev raj nrog ib tug txais anode nyob rau hauv opposite sab nrog ib tug sab nraud Circuit Court, lub electrons uas ejected los ntawm lub cathode yuav attracted los ntawm lub anode, uas yog tswj ntawm ib tug zoo voltage thiab, yog li ntawd, ib qho tam sim no raug xa mus rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev, ua kom tiav lub voj voog. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm Albert Einstein qhov kev tshawb pom uas yeej nws qhov khoom plig Nobel xyoo 1921 rau Physics.
Photovoltaic Effect yog dab tsi?
Qhov tshwm sim no tau pom thawj zaug los ntawm Fab Kis Tus Kws Kho Mob A. E. Becquerel hauv xyoo 1839 thaum nws sim tsim ib qho tam sim no ntawm ob daim hlau ntawm platinum thiab kub, muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev daws teeb meem thiab qhov ntawd raug rau lub teeb. Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim ntawm no yog tias, cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence band ntawm cov hlau nqus lub zog ntawm lub teeb thiab raws li excitation jumps mus rau lub conduction band thiab yog li ua dawb mus. Cov electrons zoo siab tom qab ntawd tau nrawm los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm sib txuas ua ke (Galvani Potential) kom lawv tuaj yeem hla ncaj qha los ntawm ib qho khoom mus rau lwm qhov hauv qhov sib piv rau hla qhov chaw nqus tsev xws li hauv cov teebmeem photoelectric, uas nyuaj dua. Hnub ci hlwb ua haujlwm ntawm lub tswvyim no.
Qhov txawv ntawm Photoelectric Effect thiab Photovoltaic Effect yog dab tsi?
• Nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv photoelectric, cov electrons raug tso tawm mus rau hauv qhov chaw nqus tsev hos, nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv photovoltaic, cov electrons ncaj qha nkag mus rau lwm yam khoom thaum emission.
• Cov nyhuv Photovoltaic tau pom ntawm ob lub hlau uas sib txuas nrog ib leeg hauv kev daws teeb meem tab sis cov nyhuv photoelectric tshwm sim hauv lub raj xa hluav taws xob cathode nrog kev koom tes ntawm cathode thiab ib qho anode txuas ntawm sab nraud Circuit Court.
• Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov nyhuv photoelectric yog qhov nyuaj dua thaum piv rau cov nyhuv photovoltaic.
• Lub zog kinetic ntawm cov hluav taws xob tso tawm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov tam sim no uas tsim los ntawm cov nyhuv photoelectric whereas nws tsis tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nyhuv photovoltaic.
• Cov emitted electrons los ntawm cov nyhuv photovoltaic yog thawb los ntawm kev sib txuas muaj peev xwm sib piv rau cov nyhuv photoelectric qhov twg tsis muaj kev sib txuas muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam.
