Phonetics vs Phonology
Phonetics thiab Phonology yog ob nqe lus uas yuav tsum tau nkag siab nrog kev nkag siab ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias phonetics cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog kev tsim cov suab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, phonology cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm phonetics thiab phonology. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ob qho tib si phonetics thiab phonology belongs rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm ib hom lus uas hu ua linguistics. Linguistics muab faib ua plaub qhov tseem ceeb xws li phonology, morphology, syntax thiab semantics. Phonetics los nyob rau hauv phonology li ob leeg muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog suab.
Phonetics yog dab tsi?
Phonetics cuam tshuam nrog lub cev ntawm lub suab tsim. Lub cev ntawm cov suab nrov yog qhov ncauj, tus nplaig, caj pas, qhov ntswg, daim di ncauj thiab palate. Los ntawm cov kabmob no lossis qhov chaw hauv lub qhov ncauj ntau lub suab raug tsim tawm. Cov suab no hu ua gutturals, palatals, cerebrals, dentals, thiab labials. Gutturals yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub caj pas, palatals yog tsim los ntawm palate, cerebrals yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm palate, kho hniav los ntawm cov hniav, thiab labials ntawm daim di ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj saib ntawm IPA, International Phonetic Alphabet, qhov kev faib tawm rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb los yog kev sib txuas ntawm lub suab rau consonants (pulmonic) yog qhov dav dua. Lawv muaj xws li bilabial (duab), labio-dental (di ncauj thiab hniav), hniav (cov hniav), alveolar (alveolar ridge), post-alveolar, retroflex (tus nplaig yog curled rov qab), palatal (palate: nyuaj palate), velar (velum: soft palate), uvular, pharyngeal (pharynx), glottal (vocal chords).
Phonology yog dab tsi?
Phonology, ntawm qhov tod tes, cuam tshuam nrog lub suab thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv vim muaj ntau yam xws li kev hloov pauv huab cua, haiv neeg, kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam lus thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau lub suab hloov pauv xws li diphthongization, palatalization, metathesis, anaptyxis, apocope, syncope, vowel breaking, haplology, assimilation, dissimilation, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog qhov nthuav kom nco ntsoov tias phonology plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm txog hom lus lossis kev paub lus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias phonology paving txoj kev los yog lays lub hauv paus rau morphology los yog lo lus tsev.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias lub xov tooj yog lub subset ntawm phonology. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias phonology yog raws li phonetics. Yog li ntawd, phonetics tsim ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub suab. Ib tug philologist them ib qho tseem ceeb rau ob qho tib si phonetics thiab phonology thaum nws piv ob los yog ntau hom lus thiab lawv cov yam ntxwv. Tus kws txhais lus lees txais ntau yam ua rau lub suab lossis lub suab hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Phonetics thiab Phonology yog dab tsi?
• Phonetics cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog kev tsim cov suab. Ntawm qhov tod tes, phonology cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm phonetics thiab phonology.
• Phonetics cuam tshuam nrog lub cev ntawm lub suab tsim.
• Phonology, ntawm qhov tod tes, cuam tshuam nrog lub suab thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv.
• Nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias lub xov tooj yog lub subset ntawm phonology.
Cov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm phonetics thiab phonology.
