Molecule vs Mixture
Qhov sib txawv ntawm molecule thiab sib tov yog ib yam uas peb yuav tsum paub thaum peb tab tom tshuaj xyuas lub tswv yim ntawm cov teeb meem. Cov teeb meem tuaj yeem muab cais ua cov tshuaj ntshiab thiab cov khoom sib tov. Feem ntau, peb xav tau ob qho tib si sib xyaw thiab cov khoom ntshiab rau ntau lub hom phiaj hauv peb lub neej. Cov tshuaj ntshiab yog cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm thiab cov molecules tsim los ntawm reacting ob los yog ntau tshaj cov ntsiab lus. Kab lus no piav qhia txog cov khoom ntawm molecules thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib tov. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib tov thiab molecules muaj ntau qhov sib txawv dua li qhov sib xws. Ntawm no peb tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov molecules thiab cov khoom sib tov.
Molecule yog dab tsi?
Cov tshuaj ntshiab muaj tsuas yog ib hom tshuaj. Molecule yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ntshiab, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau nws cov khoom siv tshuaj. Nws muaj ib tug ruaj khov thiab ib tug meej atomic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Molecules tuaj yeem yog monoatomic (Inert gases: Neon - Ne, Argon - Ar, Helium - Nws, Krypton - Kr), diatomic (Oxygen - O2, Nitrogen - N2, Carbon monoxide - CO), triatomic (Dej - H2O, Ozone - O3, NO2 - Nitrogen dioxide) lossis polyatomic (Sulfuric - H2SO4, Methane - CH4). Feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaw muaj ntau tshaj ib lub atom hauv lawv cov molecules. Yog hais tias ib lub molecule muaj tsuas yog ib hom ntawm cov khoom, lawv hu ua homonuclear molecules; Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Ozone (O3) yog qee qhov piv txwv rau homonuclear molecules. Molecules uas muaj ntau tshaj ib hom ntawm cov ntsiab lus hu ua heteronuclear molecules; Hydrogen chloride (HCl), ethane (C2H4), Nitric (HNO3) yog qee qhov piv txwv rau heteronuclear molecules.
Kev sib tov yog dab tsi?
Ib yam khoom ntshiab tsuas muaj ib hom molecule xwb. Nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov, muaj ob los yog ntau tshaj ntshiab tshuaj. Cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov yog ua ke lub cev, tab sis tsis yog tshuaj. Feem ntau, kev siv lub cev yog siv los cais cov tebchaw hauv kev sib tov. Hauv kev sib tov, txhua yam khoom khaws cia lawv cov khoom ntiag tug.
Cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg, uas yog "homogeneous mix" thiab "heterogeneous mixtures". Cov homogeneous sib xyaw yog sib xws thoob plaws hauv qhov sib xyaw ntawm qib atomic lossis molecular thiab cov sib xyaw heterogeneous tsis sib xws thoob plaws hauv qhov sib xyaw. Feem ntau ntawm cov heterogeneous mixs tsis muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg; nws txawv ntawm tus qauv mus rau tus qauv.
• Homogeneous mixs: Lawv hu ua kev daws teeb meem.
Examples:
Air yog cov kua roj gaseous ntawm ntau cov pa roj (O2, CO2, N2, H2O, thiab lwm yam)
Brass yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntawm tooj liab (Cu) thiab zinc (Zn).
ntshav
• Heterogeneous mixs:
dej xuab zeb, roj thiab dej, dej nrog dej khov hauv nws, dej qab ntsev (ntsev yog yaj tag)
Qhov txawv ntawm Molecule thiab Mixture yog dab tsi?
• Cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg los ua ib qho molecule, tab sis cov tebchaw hauv kev sib xyaw tsis hnov tsw rau ib leeg.
• Kev siv lub cev yog siv los cais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis cov ntsiab lus hauv cov molecule tsis tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm kev siv lub cev.
• Cov ntsiab lus yuav ruaj khov dua thaum lawv tsim cov molecules. Piv txwv li: Sodium (Na) yog nplaim taws thaum nws tiv nrog dej los yog nws reacts sai heev thaum nws raug rau huab cua. Chlorine (Cl2) yog cov pa roj lom. Txawm li cas los xij, sodium chloride (NaCl) yog ib qho chaw ruaj khov heev. Nws tsis yog flammable los yog tshuaj lom. Thaum sib tov yog tsim, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau stability ntawm tej yam khoom.
• Lub boiling point ntawm ib tug sib tov yog qis dua lub boiling point ntawm ib tug neeg cov khoom nyob rau hauv qhov sib tov. Qhov kub ntawm lub molecule nyob ntawm ntau yam (molecular hnyav, intermolecular hnyav, intramolecular hnyav, thiab lwm yam).
• Molecules tuaj yeem yog homonuclear lossis heteronuclear nyob ntawm seb hom molecules muaj nyob hauv cov molecule. Mixtures yog homogeneous lossis heterogeneous nyob ntawm qhov sib xws thoob plaws qhov sib xyaw ntawm qib atomic lossis molecular.
Summary:
Molecule vs Mixture
Molecules yog cov tshuaj dawb huv thiab lawv muaj ib lossis ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg. Ib lub molecule muaj qhov hnyav molecular thiab ib qho tshuaj formula. Cov khoom sib xyaw muaj ntau tshaj ob yam khoom sib txawv. Cov khoom sib txawv hauv ib qho sib tov sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis lawv tsis koom nrog ib leeg. Txhua yam khoom nyob rau hauv ib qho sib tov khaws nws cov khoom. Cov tshuaj sib txawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau yooj yim hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas nws nyuaj rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom sib txawv hauv cov sib xyaw ua ke.
