Y Insulin vs Glucagon
Y Insulin thiab glucagon yog ob yam tshuaj hormones tswj cov piam thaj thiab rog metabolism hauv lub cev. Ob leeg yog synthesized nyob rau hauv lub txiav. Ob leeg yog cov protein, tab sis physiologically lawv yog opposites.
Insulin
Y Insulin yog cov tshuaj hormones protein. Nws muaj 51 amino acids. Nws hnyav 5808 D altons (ib chav ntsuas qhov hnyav). Nws yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj hlua protein txuas ua ke los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus disulfide. Ib lub noob hu ua INS cov lej rau qhov ua ntej ntawm insulin yog preproinsulin. Pancreatic cell hu ua beta cells tso cov tshuaj insulin. Cov hlwb no nyob hauv pawg hu ua islets of Langerhan. Cov piam thaj hauv ntshav siab txhawb kev tso tawm ntawm insulin los ntawm beta hlwb thaum cov tshuaj hormones ntxhov siab (adrenalin) inhibit insulin tso tawm. Hauv cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, pancreas zais cov tshuaj insulin hauv kev tswj hwm nruj kom tswj cov ntshav qabzib nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo.
Y Insulin yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov carbohydrates thiab lipids. Nws tswj cov piam thaj, amino acid, thiab lipid nqus los ntawm cov hlwb thoob plaws lub cev. Nws nce DNA replication thiab protein synthesis. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm insulin yog dav, tab sis ntau tshaj tawm hauv daim siab, cov leeg hlwb, thiab cov nqaij rog. Lub siab thiab cov leeg nqaij pob txha khaws cov piam thaj li glycogen thaum cov ntaub so ntswg rog khaws cia nws li triglycerides nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm insulin. Insulin txhawb nqa glycogen synthesis, lipid synthesis, thiab rog esterification; Yog li, glycogen tawg thiab rog rog tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj insulin tsawg. Lub cev hydrolyses glycogen (ib daim ntawv khaws cia ntawm cov piam thaj) kom tso cov piam thaj rau hauv cov ntshav thaum cov ntshav qab zib poob qis dua li qub. Insulin inhibits qhov tso tawm ntawm glucagon uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm insulin. Nws kuj inhibits kev siv lipid ua lub zog. Cov ntshav qib ntawm insulin ua raws li lub teeb liab los hloov cov kev taw qhia ntawm biochemical cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov hlwb. Nws kuj inhibits sodium excretion los ntawm lub raum.
YGlucagon
Glucagon yog cov tshuaj hormones protein. Nws muaj 29 amino acids. Nws hnyav 3485 D altons. Genes code rau precursor ntawm glucagon yog proglucagon; uas yog tom qab ntawd cleaved rau hauv daim ntawv nquag ntawm glucagon hauv alpha hlwb ntawm pancreas. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv proglucagon lov los tsim cov khoom sib txawv. Cov ntshav qab zib tsawg, cov tshuaj hormones ntxhov siab xws li adrenalin, amino acids zoo li Arginine, Alanine, neurotransmitters zoo li acetylcholine, thiab cov tshuaj hormones xws li cholecystokinin nce glucagon secretion. Tib neeg kev loj hlob inhibiting cov tshuaj hormones, insulin, thiab urea inhibit glucagon secretion. Glucagon nce ntshav qab zib. Nws txhawb nqa glycogenolysis. Txawm hais tias glucagon txhawb cov piam thaj synthesis los ntawm fatty acids nws tsis cuam tshuam rau cov rog rog.
Kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm glucagon suav nrog kev so ntawm cov hlab ntaws qis hauv cov hlab pas thiab spasms, hnyav hypoglycemia, thiab kho beta blocker overdose.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm insulin thiab Glucagon?
• Cov ntshav qab zib siab txhawb nqa cov tshuaj insulin thaum inhibiting glucagon secretion.
• Cov tshuaj hormones kev ntxhov siab inhibit insulin secretion thaum txhawb nqa glucagon secretion.
• Cov beta hlwb zais cov tshuaj insulin thaum lub hlwb alpha secrete glucagon.
• Insulin txo cov ntshav qab zib thaum glucagon nce.
• Insulin yuam cov tshuaj (glucose, amino acids) rau hauv hlwb thaum glucagon inhibits nws.
• Insulin txhawb nqa kev sib txuas ntawm glycogen thaum glucagon rhuav tshem glycogen.
• Insulin txhawb nqa lipid synthesis, tab sis glucagon tsis tawg.
• Insulin inhibits glucagon tsim thaum glucagon tsis tswj cov insulin secretion.
Koj kuj tseem xav nyeem:
1. Qhov txawv ntawm Ntshav Qab Zib thiab Hypoglycemia (Cov Ntshav Qab Zib qis)
2. Qhov txawv ntawm Kev yoo mov thiab tsis noj ntshav qab zib
3. Qhov txawv ntawm Ntshav Qab Zib Mellitus thiab Ntshav Qab Zib Insipidus
4. Qhov txawv ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2 Ntshav Qab Zib mellitus
