YPeptide vs Protein
Amino acids, peptides, thiab proteins feem ntau raug xa mus rau cov ntsiab lus ntsig txog, tab sis lawv txawv ntawm lawv cov yam ntxwv. Amino acids yog lub tsev blocks ntawm peptides thiab proteins. Amino acid yog ib qho me me molecule uas muaj cov amino pawg (-NH 2) thiab pawg carboxylic acid (-COOH), uas yog khi rau hauv nruab nrab carbon atom, nrog ib qho ntxiv hydrogen thiab ib sab saw (R- pab pawg). Cov kab no sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov amino acids; yog li nws txiav txim siab cov cim tshwj xeeb thiab cov chemistry ntawm txhua cov amino acid. Cov kab mob tshwj xeeb yog siv los txiav txim cov amino acid ib ntus hauv ob qho tib si peptides thiab cov proteins.
Peptide
Peptides yog tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua cov amino acids, txuas los ntawm peptide bonds thiab tam sim no raws li cov saw hlau. Qhov ntev ntawm peptide yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov amino acids nyob rau hauv nws. Feem ntau qhov ntev ntawm peptide tsawg dua li ntawm 100 amino acids.
Prefixes yog siv los piav txog hom peptides hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav. Piv txwv li, thaum peptide yog tsim los ntawm ob amino acids, nws hu ua dipeptide. Ib yam li ntawd, peb cov amino acids sib xyaw ua ke kom tawm tau tripeptides, plaub cov amino acids tau ua ke los ua tetrapeptides, thiab lwm yam. Sib nrug ntawm cov hom no, muaj oligopeptides (ua los ntawm 2-20 amino acids) thiab polypeptides, uas muaj ntau peptides (tsawg dua. tshaj 100). Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm peptides yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi thiab qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov amino acids.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov peptides feem ntau yog tso cai rau kev sib txuas lus zoo los ntawm kev nqa cov lus biochemical los ntawm ib qho chaw mus rau lwm qhov hauv lub cev.
YProtein
Proteins yog pab pawg neeg sib txawv ntawm cov macromolecules lom. Ib qho protein yog tsim los ntawm ib lossis ntau dua cov saw hlau ntev uas tsis muaj npe hu ua polypeptides thiab tseem lub tsev blocks ntawm cov proteins yog cov amino acids. Qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov amino acid txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein, thaum cov amino acid sequence yog txhais los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces.
Feem ntau cov proteins muaj cov qauv peb sab ruaj khov. Cov qauv no tuaj yeem sib tham nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug hierarchy ntawm plaub theem; thawj, theem nrab, tertiary thiab quaternary. Lub hauv paus qauv yog cov amino acid ib ntus ntawm cov protein. Cov qauv thib ob yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen bonds ntawm ob cov amino acids nyob ze, yog li cov qauv hu ua β-plated nplooj ntawv, thiab coils hu ua α-helices. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov qauv theem nrab yog tom qab ntawd folded ntxiv rau hauv qhov chaw los ua qhov kawg peb seem qauv ntawm cov protein. Kev npaj ntawm ntau cov polypeptides hauv qhov chaw ua rau lub quaternary qauv ntawm cov protein.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov proteins yog cov enzyme catalysis, tiv thaiv, thauj, txhawb nqa, txav, tswj, thiab khaws cia.
Qhov txawv ntawm Peptide thiab Protein yog dab tsi?
• Peptides yog luv luv linear chains ntawm amino acids, whereas proteins yog ntev chains ntawm amino acids.
• Ntau cov amino acids txuas ua ke los tsim peptide los ntawm peptide bonds, thaum ob peb peptides txuas ua ke los tsim cov protein molecules.
• Nquag, cov proteins muaj cov qauv peb seem ruaj khov. Hauv qhov sib piv, peptides tsis tau teeb tsa hauv cov qauv peb-dimensional ruaj khov.
• Ntev ntawm peptide tsawg dua li ntawm 100 amino acids, thaum cov protein ntau dua 100 amino acids. (Muaj kev zam; yog li, qhov sib txawv cia siab ntau dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov molecules, tsis yog lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg)
• Tsis zoo li peptides, cov proteins raug suav tias yog macromolecules.
• Nyob rau hauv peptides, tsuas yog sab chains ntawm amino acids tsim hydrogen bonds. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov proteins, tsis yog cov saw hlau nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj pab pawg peptide, tsim cov ntawv cog lus hydrogen. Cov hydrogen bonds tuaj yeem nrog dej lossis nrog lwm pab pawg peptide.
• Tag nrho cov peptides muaj nyob raws li cov kab sib txuas thaum cov proteins tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv thawj, theem nrab, theem nrab, thiab quaternary.
