Hydrocarbons vs Carbohydrates
Organic molecules yog cov molecules uas muaj carbons. Organic molecules yog cov molecules ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom muaj sia nyob hauv ntiaj teb no. Cov organic molecules tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom muaj sia muaj xws li carbohydrates, proteins, lipids thiab nucleic acids. Nucleic acids zoo li DNA muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob. Carbon tebchaw zoo li cov proteins ua cov yam ntxwv ntawm peb lub cev, thiab lawv tsim cov enzymes uas catalyze tag nrho cov metabolic zog. Organic molecules muab peb lub zog ua haujlwm txhua hnub.
Tsis yog xwb, peb tau tsim los ntawm cov organic molecules, tab sis muaj ntau hom organic molecules nyob ib ncig ntawm peb, uas peb siv txhua hnub rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Cov khaub ncaws peb hnav yog tsim los ntawm ntuj lossis hluavtaws organic molecules. Ntau cov ntaub ntawv hauv peb lub tsev kuj yog cov organic. Roj av, uas muab lub zog rau tsheb thiab lwm yam tshuab, yog cov organic. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj peb noj, tshuaj tua kab, thiab tshuaj tua kab yog tsim los ntawm cov organic molecules. Yog li, cov organic molecules yog txuam nrog ze li ntawm txhua yam ntawm peb lub neej.
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons yog cov organic molecules, uas muaj tsuas yog carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Tag nrho cov oxidation ntawm hydrocarbons ua rau tsuas yog carbon dioxide thiab dej. Hydrocarbons yog hydrophobic, thiab raws li cov molecule tau loj, hydrophobicity kuj nce.
Hydrocarbons tuaj yeem muaj ntxhiab lossis aliphatic. Lawv feem ntau muab faib ua ob peb hom xws li alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes thiab aromatic hydrocarbons. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob yam li saturated thiab unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Saturated hydrocarbons kuj tseem hu ua alkanes. Lawv muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms uas ib tug molecule yuav haum. Txhua daim ntawv cog lus ntawm carbon atoms thiab hydrogens yog ib daim ntawv cog lus. Vim hais tias ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, kev sib hloov yog tso cai ntawm ib qho atoms. Lawv yog hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm C nH 2n + 2. Cov xwm txheej no txawv me ntsis rau cycloalkanes vim lawv muaj cov qauv cyclic.
Hauv cov hydrocarbons unsaturated, muaj ob lossis peb npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms. Txij li thaum muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms tsis nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Alkenes thiab alkynes yog piv txwv rau unsaturated hydrocarbons. Tsis yog cyclic molecules nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm C nH 2n, thiab alkynes muaj cov qauv dav dav ntawm C n H 2n-2.
Nyob zoo Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates yog ib pawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas txhais tau tias "polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones lossis cov khoom siv hydrolyze kom tawm los polyhydroxy aldehydes thiab ketones."Carbohydrates yog hom ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic molecules hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm chemical zog rau cov kab mob nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
Carbohydrates yog synthesized hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab qee cov kab mob microorganisms los ntawm photosynthesis. Carbohydrates tau txais nws lub npe vim nws muaj cov mis Cx(H2O)x thiab qhov no zoo li hydrates ntawm carbon. Carbohydrate tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb yam xws li monosaccharide, disaccharides thiab polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides yog hom carbohydrate yooj yim tshaj plaws. Disaccharides thiab monosaccharides yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv dej, thiab lawv yog qab zib nyob rau hauv saj. Lawv tuaj yeem ua crystallized. Polysaccharides muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv dua li lwm cov carbohydrates vim lawv yog cov polymers. Lawv tsis muaj qab zib; qee qhov yog ib nrab soluble hauv dej thaum qee qhov yog insoluble. Zoo li disaccharides, polysaccharides tuaj yeem ua hydrolyzed.
Hydrocarbons vs Carbohydrates
