Qhov txawv ntawm Lactate thiab Lactic Acid

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

YLactate vs Lactic Acid

Lactic acid thiab lactate yog conjugate acid thiab puag ntawm ib leeg. Chemically, lawv qhov sib txawv yog muaj thiab tsis muaj hydrogen. Lactic acid yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, tab sis nws muaj zog dua acetic acid.

Lactic Acid

Lactic acid yog carboxylic acid. Lactic acid yog thawj zaug cais thiab txheeb xyuas los ntawm Swedish chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele nyob rau hauv 1780. Nws tseem hu ua mis nyuj acid vim nws yog tsim los ntawm mis nyuj.

Lactic acid muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm C_3H6_O3 _{Nws muaj cov raws li qauv. Muaj ib pawg hydroxyl txuas mus rau carbon atom tom ntej tom qab pawg carboxyl. Yog li, lactic acid yog alpha hydroxyl acid. Cov pa roj carbon atom uas pawg hydroxyl txuas nrog yog chiral. Yog li ntawd, lactic acid muaj ob optical isomers. Lawv yog L-(+)-lactic acid los yog (S)-lactic acid, thiab lwm yam yog nws daim iav duab D-(−)-lactic acid los yog (R)-lactic acid.}

Vim tias muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl thiab pawg carboxylic nyob rau hauv tib lub molecule thiab lawv nyob ze, intra-molecular hydrogen bonding tuaj yeem pom hauv lactic acid. Qhov no ua rau lactic acid yog ib qho zoo proton pub (tshaj li acetic acid). Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, vim hais tias ntawm intra-molecular hydrogen bonding, pawg carboxylic tsis tuaj yeem nyiam nws cov proton zog; yog li nws nyiam tshem tau yooj yim.

Cov molar pawg ntawm lactic acid yog 90.08 g mol ^{−1Vim nws yog cov organic molecule me me nrog cov pawg polar, nws yog miscible nrog dej thiab yog hydroscopic. Nws yog miscible nrog ethanol ib yam nkaus. Lactic acid yog tsim nyob rau hauv anaerobic tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua fermentation. Nws yog tsim los ntawm pyruate los ntawm enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. Feem ntau, fermentation tsis tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm qoj ib ce lactic acid tuaj yeem tsim ntau ntau. Lactic acid kuj tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid. Qhov no yog li cas nws yog tsim industrially. Lactic acid yog siv hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj rau cov khoom noj thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes.}

Lactate

Lactate yog anion tsim los ntawm lactic acid. Thaum lactic acid yaj nyob rau hauv dej, nws nyiam dissociate, thiab tsim ib tug lactate ion thiab ib tug proton. Nws yog -1 them ion. Pka ntawm lactic acid yog 3.86. Nyob rau hauv physiological tej yam kev mob, pH yog siab tshaj pKa ntawm lactic acid. Yog li feem ntau ntawm lactic acid nyob rau hauv lub cev yog dissociated thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lactate. Yog li, lactate yog lub hauv paus conjugate ntawm lactic acid. Lactate muaj cov qauv ntawm CH₃CH(OH)CO^-

Lactate yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub hlwb metabolism. Thaum lub sij hawm qoj ib ce, lactate yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov leeg.

YLactic Acid vs Lactate

• Lactate yog tsim los ntawm deprotonation ntawm lactic acid.
• Lactic acid muaj peev xwm muab cov proton thiab lactate tsis tuaj yeem.
• Nyob rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem (cov kua hauv cellular), daim ntawv lactate yog qhov tseem ceeb.
• Lactate yog anion; yog li ntawd muaj nqi -1. Lactic acid tsis muaj nqi.
• Lactate yog lub hauv paus ntawm lactic acid.
• Lactic acid muaj qhov sib txuam hauv molecular hydrogen thaum lactate tsis muaj.
• Lactic acid tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm cov lipid daim nyias nyias thaum lactate tsis tuaj yeem.