Insulator vs Dielectric
Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv uas tsis tso cai rau qhov ntws ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm hluav taws xob. Lub dielectric yog ib yam khoom uas muaj insulating zog, uas polarizes nyob rau hauv cov nyhuv ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob teb.
Ntau txog Insulator
Resistance to the flow electrons (lossis tam sim no) ntawm ib qho insulator yog vim cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov khoom. Yuav luag tag nrho cov insulators muaj zog covalent bonds nyob rau hauv, yog li cov electrons nruj nreem khi rau lub nucleus hnyav txwv lawv mus. Cua, iav, ntawv, ceramic, Ebonite thiab ntau lwm yam polymers yog hluav taws xob insulators.
Raws li kev siv cov conductors, insulators yog siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tam sim no ntws yuav tsum tau nres los yog txwv. Ntau cov xaim xaim yog insulated nrog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim, los tiv thaiv hluav taws xob poob siab thiab cuam tshuam nrog lwm qhov tam sim no ntws ncaj qha. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv paus rau cov ntawv luam tawm Circuit Court boards yog cov insulators, uas tso cai rau kev sib cuag ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws. Txhawb cov qauv rau lub zog xa hluav taws xob cables, xws li bushing yog ua los ntawm ceramic. Qee qhov xwm txheej, cov roj hluav taws xob tau siv los ua cov rwb thaiv tsev, feem ntau pom piv txwv yog cov hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob siab.
Txhua lub rwb thaiv tsev muaj nws qhov txwv kom tiv taus qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv, thaum qhov hluav taws xob nce mus txog qhov txwv tsis pub muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov insulator tawg, thiab cov hluav taws xob tam sim no pib ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov piv txwv feem ntau yog lightening, uas yog ib qho hluav taws xob tawg ntawm huab cua vim muaj hluav taws xob loj hauv thunderclouds. Ib qho kev tawg uas qhov hluav taws xob tawg tshwm sim los ntawm cov khoom siv yog hu ua puncture breakdown. Qee qhov xwm txheej, huab cua sab nraud ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem raug them thiab tawg ua haujlwm. Xws li kev tawg yog lub npe hu ua flashover voltage breakdown.
Ntau txog Dielectrics
Thaum lub dielectric tso rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob cov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub zog txav los ntawm nws qhov nruab nrab qhov sib npaug thiab ua raws li txoj hauv kev los teb cov hluav taws xob. Electrons yog attracted rau lub peev xwm siab dua thiab tawm hauv cov khoom siv dielectric polarized. Cov nqi zoo sib xws, cov nuclei, raug coj mus rau qhov qis dua. Vim li no, ib qho hluav taws xob sab hauv yog tsim rau cov kev taw qhia opposite rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm sab nraud teb. Qhov no ua rau lub zog qis dua hauv lub dielectric dua li sab nraud. Yog li ntawd, muaj peev xwm sib txawv hauv dielectric kuj tsawg.
Cov cuab yeej polarization no tau qhia los ntawm qhov ntau hu ua dielectric tas li. Cov khoom uas muaj lub siab dielectric tas li yog hu ua dielectrics, thaum cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj dielectric tas li feem ntau yog insulators.
Feem ntau dielectrics yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas ua rau kom lub peev xwm ntawm lub capacitor khaws cov nqi, yog li muab lub peev xwm ntau dua. Dielectrics uas tiv taus ionization yog xaiv rau qhov no, kom tso cai ntau dua voltages hla lub capacitor electrodes. Dielectrics yog siv nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob resonators, uas qhia resonance nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim zaus band, nyob rau hauv lub microwave cheeb tsam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Insulators thiab Dielectrics yog dab tsi?
• Insulators yog cov khoom siv uas tiv taus hluav taws xob ntws, thaum dielectrics kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv insulating nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm polarization.
• Insulators muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj dielectric tsis tu ncua, thaum dielectrics muaj qhov siab dielectric tas li
• Insulators yog siv los tiv thaiv tus nqi ntws thaum lub dielectrics yog siv los txhim kho cov nqi cia ntawm cov capacitors.
