YHydrolysis vs Dehydration
Dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev ciaj sia ntawm cov tsiaj nyob. Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv. Thaum dej tsis txaus, nws cuam tshuam ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv lub cev.
Hydrolysis
Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg tawg siv cov dej molecule. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib tug dej molecule splits mus rau hauv ib tug proton thiab hydroxide ion. Tom qab ntawd ob lub ions no ntxiv rau ob feem ntawm cov molecule qhov twg daim ntawv cog lus tawg. Piv txwv li, hauv qab no yog ib qho ester. ester daim ntawv cog lus yog nruab nrab ntawm –CO thiab –O.
Nyob rau hauv hydrolysis, cov proton los ntawm cov dej ntxiv rau sab -O, thiab cov hydroxide ion ntxiv rau -CO sab. Yog li ntawd, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm hydrolysis, ib qho cawv thiab carboxylic acid yuav tsim uas yog cov reactants thaum tsim cov ester.
Y Hydrolysis yog ib qho tseem ceeb los rhuav tshem cov polymers uas tau ua los ntawm condensation polymerization. Condensation polymerizations yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas me me molecules sib sau ua ke los tsim ib qho loj molecule. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv ob pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov molecules. Lwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation yog tias, thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib tug me me molecule zoo li dej ploj. Yog li, hydrolysis yog cov txheej txheem thim rov qab ntawm cov condensation polymerization. Cov piv txwv saum toj no qhia txog hydrolysis ntawm cov organic molecule.
Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis ntawm cov organic molecules yuav tsum tau catalyzed nrog cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus. Txawm li cas los xij, yooj yim, thaum ntsev ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog los yog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog yog yaj hauv dej, nws kuj raug hydrolysis. Cov dej ionizes thiab cov ntsev dissociates rau hauv cation thiab anion. Piv txwv li, thaum sodium acetate yaj hauv dej, acetate reacts nrog protons thiab tsim acetic acid whereas sodium cuam tshuam nrog hydroxyl ions.
Nyob hauv cov kab mob nyob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis muaj ntau heev. Nyob rau hauv lub digestive system, qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zom cov zaub mov uas peb noj. Tsim lub zog los ntawm ATP kuj yog vim muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis ntawm pyrophosphate linkages. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hydrolysis no yog catalyzed nrog enzymes.
Dehydration
Lub cev qhuav dej yog qhov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj cov dej ib txwm xav tau. Thaum xa mus rau cov kab mob lom, qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev poob ntawm lub cev hnyav (piv txwv li, ntshav). Muaj peb hom lub cev qhuav dej li hypotonic, hypertonic thiab isotonic. Txij li cov qib electrolytes ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qib dej, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tswj tau qhov sib npaug ntawm electrolyte hauv lub cev kom tswj tau qhov sib npaug osmotic.
Lub cev qhuav dej tuaj yeem ua rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Kev tso zis ntau dhau, raws plab, poob ntshav vim kev sib tsoo, thiab tawm hws ntau dhau yog qee txoj hauv kev. Lub cev qhuav dej tuaj yeem ua rau mob taub hau, txo ntshav siab, kiv taub hau, kiv taub hau. Thaum lub cev qhuav dej heev, nws ua rau tsis nco qab, thiab tuag.
Lub cev qhuav dej tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev haus dej txaus. Thaum dej ntau dhau los ntawm lub cev, nws yuav tsum tau muab rov qab (qhov ncauj rov ua dej, txhaj tshuaj thiab lwm yam).
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Hydrolysis thiab Dehydration?
• Lub cev qhuav dej yog qhov muaj dej tsawg dua li qhov qub.
• Hydrolysis yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov tshuaj lom neeg tawg tau siv cov dej molecule.
• Lub cev qhuav dej cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis tshwm sim yuav tsum muaj dej.
