YHydrolysis vs Dehydration Synthesis
Hydrolysis thiab lub cev qhuav dej synthesis yog ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb siv hauv cov txheej txheem organic synthesis. Sib nrug los ntawm lawv cov kev lag luam thiab kev sim siv ob qho kev cuam tshuam no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab ke lom neeg. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb cov dej num metabolic thiab ib txwm kho los ntawm cov enzymes, ua cov hydrolysis los yog lub cev qhuav dej synthesis.
Hydrolysis
YHydrolysis yog ib lo lus uas los ntawm Greek keeb kwm. Hydro txhais tau tias dej thiab lysis txhais tau tias sib cais; uas muab peb lub ntsiab lus "sib cais nrog kev siv dej". Yog tias cov molecule tau txais cov dej molecule thiab tawg mus rau hauv qhov chaw, cov txheej txheem no hu ua hydrolysis. Kev tawg ntawm daim ntawv cog lus raws li peb txhua tus paub yog tus txheej txheem degrading, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, yog li ntawd, los nyob rau hauv catabolism thaum siv rau cov kab mob lom. Tsis yog txhua daim ntawv cog lus tuaj yeem hydrolyzed. Qee qhov piv txwv nquag yog hydrolysis ntawm cov ntsev ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog thiab cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog, hydrolysis ntawm esters thiab amides, thiab hydrolysis ntawm biomolecules zoo li polysaccharides thiab cov proteins. Thaum cov ntsev ntawm cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog los yog cov hauv paus ntxiv rau dej, dej spontaneously lov rau hauv H + thiab OH- thiab tsim cov conjugate puag los yog acid ua rau nruab nrab acidic los yog hauv paus nyob ntawm cov khoom. Ester thiab amide bonds yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv hluavtaws organic tshuaj raws li nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom.
Hydrolysis yog daim ntawv cog lus sib cog lus li no ib txoj hauv kev tso tawm lub zog. Nws yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb koom nrog hauv lub zog tso tawm hauv peb lub cev. Cov molecules complex peb noj raws li cov zaub mov tau tawg mus rau yooj yim molecules los ntawm ntau yam enzymes thiab lub zog tso tawm yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv ATP; lub zog txiaj ntawm lub cev. Thaum lub zog xav tau rau biosynthesis lossis kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov cell membranes, ATP yog hydrolyzed, thiab lub zog khaws cia raug tso tawm.
YDehydration Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis, raws li lub npe implies, yog ib tug txheej txheem uas synthesizes molecules los ntawm tshem cov dej molecules. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ua qhov no. Ib qho yog tshem tawm cov dej molecule los ntawm ib yam khoom uas ua rau ib qho kev sib cog lus unsaturated. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm protonating OH- rau OH2 + thiab yog li ua rau nws pab pawg tawm zoo. Dehydrating agents xws li Conc. Sulfuric, Conc. Phosphoric thiab Aluminium oxide yog nrov heev rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog coj ob lub molecules cais thiab, los ntawm kev tshem tawm OH- los ntawm ib qho thiab H + los ntawm lwm tus, condensing lawv mus rau hauv ib qho loj molecule. Qhov no yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic xws li aldol condensation, ester synthesis thiab amide synthesis. Hom ob yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom rau biosynthesis molecules.
Polysaccharide synthesis los ntawm kev siv mono thiab disaccharides, protein synthesis los ntawm kev siv cov amino acids yog ob qho piv txwv tseem ceeb. Txij li thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm no yog koom nrog hauv kev sib cog lus, nws yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv anabolic. Tsis zoo li hydrolysis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation xav tau lub zog. Nyob rau hauv hluavtaws organic chemistry, nws yog muab raws li thermal zog, siab thiab lwm yam. thiab nyob rau hauv lom systems los ntawm ATP hydrolysis.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hydrolysis thiab Dehydration Synthesis yog dab tsi?
• Hydrolysis yog txheej txheem uas cov dej molecule ntxiv rau hauv lub cev, tab sis lub cev qhuav dej yog txheej txheem uas cov dej molecule raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev.
• Hydrolysis cais cov molecules rau hauv qhov chaw (feem ntau) thiab lub cev qhuav dej synthesis condenses molecules rau hauv cov molecule loj.
