Uranium vs Plutonium
Uranium thiab plutonium yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv cov actinide series.
Uranium
Lub cim ntawm uranium yog U, thiab nws yog 92 nd lub caij hauv lub sijhawm. Yog li nws muaj 92 electrons thiab 92 protons. Electron configuration ntawm uranium tuaj yeem sau ua [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 Nws muaj rau valence electrons, uas yog nyob rau hauv s, d thiab f orbitals. Uranium yog nyob rau hauv cov actinide series. Nws yog ib tug silvery dawb xim khoom. Uranium yog suav tias yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg hlau. Uranium yog tawv, malleable, thiab ductile. Txawm hais tias nws raug suav hais tias yog hlau, nws yog ib qho hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Tab sis nws muaj zog electropositive. Ntxiv mus, uranium yog me ntsis paramagnetic. Uranium muaj qhov ceev heev, uas yog li 19.1 g·cm−3 Uranium, ua hlau, reacts nrog feem ntau ntawm cov nonmetal hais thiab lawv cov tebchaw. Lub reactivity nce nrog kub. Cov kua qaub muaj zog xws li hydrochloric thiab nitric acids kuj ua rau uranium thiab yaj nws. Thaum raug huab cua, uranium tsim ib txheej uranium oxide, uas yog xim tsaus (qhov no tshwm sim thaum uranium nyob rau hauv me me).
Uranium muaj rau isotopes xws li U-233 txog U-238. Yog li lawv muaj 141 txog 146 neutrons, tab sis feem ntau cov isotopes yog U-238 thiab U-235. Uranium tau paub tias yog cov hlau hluav taws xob. Thaum nws lwj nws emits alpha hais, thiab lub radioactivity ntawm uranium qeeb heev. Yog li lub neej ib nrab ntawm U-238 yog kwv yees li 4.47 billion xyoo, thiab ib nrab lub neej ntawm U-235 yog txog 7.4 lab xyoo. Uranium yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv ores, tab sis tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub feeb heev concentrations, thiab nws yog muab rho tawm thiab hloov dua siab tshiab rau uranium dioxide los yog lwm yam tshuaj, thiaj li hais tias nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Txij li thaum nws maj mam lwj, uranium yog siv los txiav txim lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub ntiaj teb. U-235 muaj lub peev xwm los pib qhov kev tawm tsam nuclear. Nws yog fissile. Yog li thaum nws raug foob nrog cov neutrons, U-235 nuclei tau muab faib ua ob lub nuclei me me thiab tso lub zog ruaj khov thiab ntau cov nuclei. Vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, kev tawg tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Yog li uranium yog siv nyob rau hauv nuclear reactors, nyob rau hauv nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag thiab atomic bombs.
Plutonium
Cov cim tshuaj ntawm plutonium yog Pu. Tus naj npawb atomic ntawm nws yog 94. Plutonium yog trans-uric radioactive nyob rau hauv series actinide. Nws yog ib qho khoom hlau nrog lub ntsej muag silvery-grey. Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm plutonium yog [Rn] 5f6 7s2, thiab nws qhia plaub lub xeev oxidation. Plutonium muaj rau allotropes. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub alpha daim ntawv yog feem ntau pom thiab ruaj khov allotrope ntawm plutonium. Nws yog tawv thiab nkig. Txawm hais tias nws yog cov hlau, nws tsis yog qhov zoo ntawm cov cua sov lossis hluav taws xob conductor. Plutonium reacts nrog nonmetals xws li halogens, carbon, silicon, thiab lwm yam. Thaum raug huab cua nws oxidizes sai, thiab oxide txheej yog dull grey nyob rau hauv cov xim. Boiling point ntawm plutonium yog txawv txav, uas yog hais txog 3228 ° C. Melting point yog 639.4 ° C, uas yog qhov tsawg. Ntawm cov plutonium isotopes, Pu-239 yog fissile isotope. Yog li no isotope yog siv rau hauv riam phom nuclear thiab lwm yam khoom tawg. Nws kuj yog siv los tsim hluav taws xob thiab cua sov.
Qhov txawv ntawm Uranium thiab Plutonium yog dab tsi?
• Atomic naj npawb ntawm uranium yog 92, thiab cov plutonium yog 94.
• Plutonium muaj rau f electrons, whereas uranium tsuas muaj peb.
• Plutonium isotopes muaj lub neej qis dua piv rau uranium isotopes.
• Plutonium tuaj yeem tsim tau los ntawm uranium.
