Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polonium thiab plutonium yog polonium yog hlau tom qab hloov pauv, thaum plutonium yog ib qho actinide.
Txawm tias cov npe, polonium thiab plutonium, suab zoo sib xws, lawv yog cov tshuaj sib txawv uas muaj nyob hauv ob pawg sib txawv thiab lub sijhawm. Lawv koom nrog cov pab pawg sib txawv thiab, piv txwv li plutonium belongs rau actinide series. Txawm li cas los xij, ob qho tib si tshuaj lom neeg muaj qhov ci ntsa iab zoo nkauj.
Polonium yog dab tsi?
Polonium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 84 thiab cim Po. Nws yog p-block keeb uas muaj nyob hauv pawg 16, lub sijhawm 6 ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Ntxiv mus, nws belongs rau lub post-transition hlau series. Cov koob no muaj cov ntsiab lus hlau uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv thiab metalloids. Electron configuration ntawm polonium yog [Xe]4f145d106s26p 4 Nws muaj nyob rau theem khoom ntawm tus qauv kub thiab siab.
Polonium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog uas tsis muaj isotopes ruaj khov. Hauv nws cov khoom siv tshuaj, polonium zoo ib yam li selenium thiab tellurium. Vim muaj hluav taws xob ntau thiab muaj peev xwm ua tau hluav taws xob thiab rhuav tshem cov tshuaj lom neeg, kev sim txog polonium tau ua tsuas yog rau cov kab ntawm polonium xwb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv ob daim ntawv hlau allotropic: daim ntawv alpha thiab daim ntawv beta. Daim ntawv alpha muaj cov qauv cubic, thaum daim ntawv beta yog rhombohedral.
Thaum xav txog cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm polonium, nws yooj yim yaj hauv dilute acids. Nws kuj yog me ntsis soluble hauv alkali daws. Thaum pib, cov tshuaj polonium muaj cov xim liab, uas hloov mus rau daj vim yog alpha hluav taws xob. Ntxiv nrog rau cov no, polonium tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus paub. Tag nrho nws cov tebchaw yog tsim hluavtaws, piv txwv li, muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 50 cov khoom sib txuas ntawm polonium.
Plutonium yog dab tsi?
Plutonium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj atomic tooj 94 thiab cim Pu. Nws belongs rau actinide series. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsiab lus plutonium belongs rau f-block ntawm lub sij hawm.
Dhau li ntawm, zoo li-ntse, nws yog silvery-ci. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum raug huab cua, qhov ci ci zoo nkauj ntawm lub caij no tarnishes. Tom qab ntawd nws tsim cov txheej npub ntawm oxidized plutonium.
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj rau lub allotropes ntawm plutonium thiab plaub lub xeev oxidation paub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau xya daim ntawv allotropic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Rau allotropes muaj npe alpha, beta, gamma, delta, delta prime, thiab epsilon allotrope. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam alpha daim ntawv ntawm plutonium. Feem ntau, cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm plutonium yog monoclinic.
Feem ntau, plutonium yog cov hlau nkig thiab tawv. Thaum alloying nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, peb tuaj yeem hloov cov hlau no rau hauv daim ntawv ductile. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis zoo heev ntawm kev ua hluav taws xob thiab cua sov. Tsis zoo li feem ntau ntawm lwm cov hlau, plutonium muaj qhov taw tes qis, uas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 640 ° C thiab qhov kub tsis sib xws (3, 228 ° C).
Plutonium, raws li tau hais los saum no, yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog heev. Thaum alpha lwj, nws tuaj yeem tso siab zog helium atoms. Nws yog hom kab mob feem ntau ntawm cov xov tooj cua ntawm plutonium. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cua sov uas tsim los ntawm qhov deceleration ntawm alpha hais ua rau nws sov thiab tsis yooj yim rau kov.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polonium thiab Plutonium yog dab tsi?
Txawm hais tias cov npe polonium thiab plutonium suab zoo ib yam, lawv yog cov tshuaj sib txawv uas muaj nyob hauv ob pawg sib txawv thiab lub sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polonium thiab plutonium yog tias polonium yog hlau tom qab hloov pauv, thaum plutonium yog ib qho actinide.
Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog heev, thiab ob qho tib si muaj qhov zoo sib xws, tab sis lawv muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev sib txawv. Hauv qab no infographic piv cov khoom ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib sab kom pom qhov txawv ntawm polonium thiab plutonium.
Summary – Polonium vs Plutonium
Txawm hais tias cov npe polonium thiab plutonium suab zoo ib yam, lawv yog cov tshuaj sib txawv uas muaj nyob hauv ob pawg sib txawv thiab lub sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polonium thiab plutonium yog tias polonium yog hlau tom qab hloov pauv, thaum plutonium yog ib qho actinide.
