Platinum vs Palladium
Ob lub platinum thiab palladium yog d thaiv cov ntsiab lus. Lawv feem ntau hu ua cov hlau hloov pauv. Zoo li feem ntau ntawm cov hlau hloov pauv, cov no kuj muaj peev xwm tsim cov tebchaw nrog ntau lub xeev oxidation thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov complexes nrog ntau yam ligands. Ob leeg palladium thiab platinum yog xim dawb-xim hlau. Lawv yog siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Txij li thaum lawv yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, lawv tau categorized li precious hlau. Ob leeg cov hlau no kim heev, uas txwv tsis pub siv.
Platinum
Platinum lossis Pt yog cov hlau hloov pauv nrog tus lej atomic 78. Nws yog nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm lub rooj pab pawg li Nickel thiab Palladium. Yog li muaj hluav taws xob configuration zoo ib yam li Ni nrog rau sab nrauv orbitals muaj s2 d8 kev npaj. Pt, feem ntau, cov ntaub ntawv +2 thiab +4 oxidation xeev. Nws tuaj yeem tsim +1 thiab +3 oxidation xeev ib yam nkaus. Pt yog silvery dawb nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab muaj ntau dua ntom ntom. Nws muaj rau isotopes. Ntawm cov no, feem ntau yog ib qho yog 195 Pt. Atomic mass ntawm Pt yog hais txog 195 g mol-1 Pt tsis oxidize los yog reacts nrog HCl los yog nitric acid. Nws yog heev resistant rau corrosion. Pt kuj tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab heev yam tsis muaj melting. (Nws melting point yog 1768.3 ° C) Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog paramagnetic. Pt yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj, uas yog siv los ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Pt hniav nyiaj hniav kub kuj hu ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub dawb thiab yog kim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov electrode hauv electrochemical sensors, thiab hlwb. Pt yog ib qho zoo catalyst siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. South Africa yog tus thib ib tus tsim ntawm platinum hlau.
Palladium
Lub cim tshuaj ntawm Palladium yog Pd, thiab nws yog 46th lub caij nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm. Palladium belongs rau pawg 10 zoo li platinum. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj qhov zoo sib xws rau platinum. Palladium muaj xim dawb dawb uas ua rau nws haum rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nws yog mos thiab ductile tab sis, tom qab ua haujlwm txias, nws ua kom muaj zog thiab nyuaj. Palladium muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsawg heev. Thaum cov kua qaub xws li HCl, nitric lossis sulfuric siv, palladium maj mam yaj hauv cov ntawd. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog oxygen. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab heev li 800 ° C, palladium yuav tsim ib txheej oxide. Atomic loj ntawm palladium yog hais txog 106, thiab nws muaj ib tug melting point ntawm 1554.9 ° C. Palladium qhia 0, +1, +2 thiab +4 oxidation xeev feem ntau. Lwm yam tshaj li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua palladium yog siv ntau hauv catalytic converters. Nws yog ib qho zoo catalyst rau hydrogenation thiab dehydrogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, palladium yog siv hauv electronics, tshuaj thiab kho hniav. Palladium deposits muaj nyob rau hauv Russia, South Africa, United States, thiab Canada.
Qhov txawv ntawm Platinum thiab Palladium yog dab tsi?
• Tus lej atomic ntawm palladium yog 46 thiab rau platinum nws yog 78.
• Platinum yog nyob rau hauv lub 6th lub sij hawm whereas, palladium nyob rau hauv lub 5th lub sij hawm.
• Palladium muaj qhov melting qis dua platinum.
• Platinum yog denser dua palladium.
• South Africa yog lub tuam txhab platinum loj tshaj plaws, qhov palladium feem ntau tsim los ntawm Russia.
• Platinum kim dua palladium.
