Qhov txawv ntawm Benzene thiab Benzine

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

YBenzene vs Benzine

Benzene thiab benzine yog cov lus sau zoo sib xws. Ob leeg yog hydrocarbons thiab nonpolar kua. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj ntau yam tshuaj thiab lub cev sib txawv.

Benzene

Benzene tsuas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms npaj los muab cov qauv qauv. Nws muaj cov qauv molecular ntawm C₆H_{6 Nws cov qauv thiab qee yam khoom muaj raws li hauv qab no. Cov qauv Benzene tau pom los ntawm Kekule hauv xyoo 1872. Vim tias qhov aromaticity, nws txawv ntawm aliphatic compounds.}

Molecular yuag: 78 g mole ^-1

Boiling point: 80.1 ^oC

Melting point: 5.5 ^oC

Density: 0.8765 g cm^-3

Benzene yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab. Nws yog flammable thiab evaporates sai sai thaum raug. Benzene yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj, vim nws muaj peev xwm yaj tau ntau yam tsis-polar compounds. Txawm li cas los xij, benzene yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej. Cov qauv ntawm benzene yog qhov tshwj xeeb piv rau lwm cov aliphatic hydrocarbons; Yog li, benzene muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Tag nrho cov carbons hauv benzene muaj peb sp ² hybridized orbitals. Ob sp² hybridized orbitals ntawm cov pa roj carbon sib tshooj nrog sp² hybridized orbitals ntawm cov carbons nyob ib sab ntawm ob sab. Lwm yam sp^{2 hybridized orbital overlaps nrog s orbital ntawm hydrogen los ua ib daim ntawv cog lus. Cov electrons nyob rau hauv p orbitals ntawm ib tug carbon sib tshooj nrog cov p electrons ntawm carbon atoms nyob rau hauv ob sab ua pi bonds. Qhov sib tshooj ntawm electrons no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tag nrho rau rau carbon atoms thiab, yog li ntawd, tsim ib tug system ntawm pi bonds, uas yog kis mus rau tag nrho cov pa roj carbon nplhaib. Yog li, cov electrons tau hais tias yuav tsum tau delocalized. Lub delocalization ntawm cov electrons txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj alternating ob thiab ib daim ntawv cog lus. Yog li tag nrho cov C-C daim ntawv cog lus ntev yog tib yam, thiab qhov ntev yog nruab nrab ntawm ib thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus ntev. Vim hais tias ntawm delocalization benzene nplhaib yog ruaj khov, yog li, tsis kam mus rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv, tsis zoo li lwm cov alkenes.}

Cov peev txheej ntawm benzene tuaj yeem yog cov khoom lag luam ntuj lossis ntau yam tshuaj hluavtaws. Lawm, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv petrochemicals xws li cov roj crude los yog roj av, thiab rau cov khoom siv hluavtaws, benzene muaj nyob rau hauv ib co plastics, lubricants, dyes, hluavtaws roj hmab, detergents, tshuaj, luam yeeb thiab tshuaj tua kab. Benzene raug tso tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, yog li lub tsheb tso pa, lub Hoobkas emissions muaj lawv. Benzene tau hais tias yog carcinogenic, yog li raug rau cov qib siab ntawm benzene tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav.

Benzine

Benzine yog lwm lub npe rau roj av ether. Qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbon compounds. Qhov no yog kua, uas yog heev flammable thiab volatile. Benzine tsis muaj xim. Benzine yog cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar. Txawm hais tias nws lub npe hais tias ether, nws tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog ether txuas. Petroleum ether yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem roj av refining. Petroleum ether yog cov khoom distillation tawm ntawm naphtha thiab kerosene. Boiling point ntawm benzine yog 60 ^{o C. Nws lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog 0.7, uas yog tsawg tshaj li cov dej. Qhov no tseem hu ua ligroin. Petroleum ether feem ntau yog siv hauv chav kuaj ua kuab tshuaj.}

Qhov txawv ntawm Benzene thiab Benzine yog dab tsi?

• Benzene yog hydrocarbon molecule thiab benzine yog sib xyaw ntawm hydrocarbons.

• Benzene yog ib qho cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon thiab benzine muaj aliphatic hydrocarbons zoo li pentane.