YHydrolysis vs Condensation
Condensation thiab hydrolysis yog ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov ntawv cog lus thiab kev sib koom ua ke. Condensation yog qhov thim rov qab ntawm hydrolysis. Ob hom kev cuam tshuam no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob lom, thiab peb kuj siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no kom tau txais ntau yam khoom lag luam tseem ceeb.
Kev sib tw
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov molecules me me tau sib sau ua ke los tsim ib lub molecule loj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim hauv ob pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov molecules. Lwm cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation yog qhov me me molecule ploj thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov molecule no tuaj yeem yog dej, hydrogen chloride, acetic acid, thiab lwm yam. Yog tias cov molecule ploj yog dej, cov hom kev sib xyaw ua ke no hu ua dehydration reactions. Txij li thaum cov reactant molecules me me thiab cov khoom molecule yog loj heev, qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom yuav yeej ib txwm siab tshaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv condensation tshua. Condensation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, peb tuaj yeem faib cov no rau hauv ob hom xws li intermolecular condensation reactions thiab intra-molecular condensation reactions. Yog tias ob pawg ua haujlwm nyob hauv tib lub molecule, lawv hu ua intra-molecular condensations. Piv txwv li, qabzib muaj cov qauv linear raws li hauv qab no.
Hauv kev daws, feem ntau ntawm cov molecules yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv cyclic. Thaum cov qauv cyclic tsim, -OH ntawm carbon 5 yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ether linkage, kaw lub nplhaib nrog carbon 1. Qhov no tsim muaj rau tus tswv cuab hemiacetal nplhaib qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm no intra-molecular condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib tug dej molecule yog repelled, thiab ib tug ether linkage yog tsim. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv intermolecular tsim ntau yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab siv tau. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub molecules cais. Piv txwv li, thaum tsim cov macromolecule zoo li cov protein, cov amino acids yog condensed. Ib qho dej molecule raug tso tawm, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm amide yog tsim uas yog hu ua peptide daim ntawv cog lus. Thaum ob amino acids khi ua ke, ib qho dipeptide tsim, thiab thaum muaj ntau cov amino acids koom nrog nws hu ua polypeptide. DNA thiab RNA kuj yog ob lub macromolecules tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nucleotides. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation tsim cov molecules loj heev thiab qee zaum cov molecules tsis loj heev. Piv txwv li: nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv esterification ntawm ib qho cawv thiab carboxylic acid, me me ester molecule yog tsim. Condensation yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov polymer. Polymers yog cov molecules loj, uas muaj tib yam qauv tsev rov ua dua thiab ntau dua. Cov units rov ua dua yog hu ua monomers. Cov monomers no tau sib koom ua ke nrog covalent bonds los tsim ib lub polymer.
Hydrolysis
Qhov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg tawg siv cov dej molecule. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib tug dej molecule splits mus rau hauv ib tug proton thiab hydroxide ion. Thiab tom qab ntawd ob lub ions no ntxiv rau ob feem ntawm cov molecule qhov twg daim ntawv cog lus tawg. Piv txwv li, hauv qab no yog ib qho ester. ester daim ntawv cog lus yog nruab nrab ntawm –CO thiab –O.
Nyob rau hauv hydrolysis, cov proton los ntawm cov dej ntxiv rau sab -O, thiab cov hydroxide ion ntxiv rau -CO sab. Yog li ntawd, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm hydrolysis, ib qho cawv thiab carboxylic acid yuav tsim uas yog cov reactants thaum tsim cov ester.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hydrolysis thiab Condensation yog dab tsi?
• Hydrolysis yog qhov rov qab ntawm condensation.
• Condensation reactions ua chemical bonds whereas hydrolysis breaks chemical bonds.
• Polymers yog tsim los ntawm condensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lawv tawg los ntawm hydrolysis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
• Thaum lub sij hawm condensation tshwm sim, dej molecule tuaj yeem tso tawm. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis, cov dej molecule tau muab tso rau hauv lub molecule.
