Amino Acid vs Protein
Amino acids thiab cov proteins yog cov organic molecules, uas muaj ntau hauv cov kab mob nyob.
Amino Acid
Amino acid yog ib qho yooj yim molecule tsim nrog C, H, O, N thiab tej zaum yuav yog S. Nws muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.
Muaj txog 20 hom amino acids. Tag nrho cov amino acids muaj -COOH, -NH2 pawg thiab -H sib txuas rau carbon. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog chiral carbon, thiab alpha amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb lom neeg. D- amino acids tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov proteins thiab tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv thiab cov metabolism hauv qis dua ntawm lub neej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov amino acids, muaj ntau cov amino acids uas tsis yog-protein derived amino acids, ntau yam uas yog metabolic intermediates los yog ib feem ntawm non-protein biomolecules (ornithine, citrulline). Cov pab pawg R sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid rau amino acid. Qhov yooj yim amino acid nrog R pawg ua H yog glycine. Raws li cov pab pawg R, cov amino acids tuaj yeem muab faib ua aliphatic, aromatic, tsis polar, polar, zoo them, tsis zoo them, lossis polar uncharged, thiab lwm yam. Amino acids tam sim no yog zwitter ions hauv lub cev pH 7.4. Amino acids yog lub tsev blocks ntawm cov proteins. Thaum ob amino acids koom ua ib lub dipeptide, kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tshwm sim hauv ib pawg -NH2 pawg ntawm ib cov amino acid nrog -COOH pawg ntawm lwm cov amino acid. Ib qho dej molecule raug tshem tawm, thiab daim ntawv cog lus tsim yog hu ua peptide daim ntawv cog lus.
YProtein
Proteins yog ib hom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm macromolecules hauv cov kab mob nyob. Proteins tuaj yeem raug faib ua thawj, theem nrab, qib thib ob thiab quaternary proteins nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv. Qhov sib lawv liag ntawm cov amino acids (polypeptide) nyob rau hauv ib tug protein yog hu ua ib tug thawj qauv. Thaum cov txheej txheem polypeptide quav mus rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke, lawv paub tias yog cov proteins thib ob. Hauv cov txheej txheem tertiary proteins muaj peb qhov qauv. Thaum ob peb seem protein moieties khi ua ke, lawv tsim cov quaternary proteins. Cov qauv peb seem ntawm cov protein nyob ntawm seb cov hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions thiab tag nrho lwm yam kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov amino acids. Proteins ua si ntau lub luag haujlwm hauv lub neej. Lawv koom nrog kev tsim cov qauv. Piv txwv li, cov leeg muaj protein ntau fibers xws li collagen thiab elastin. Lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab nruj xws li cov ntsia hlau, plaub hau, hooves, plaub, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv cov proteins muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg zoo li pob txha mos. Tsis zoo li cov qauv kev ua haujlwm, cov proteins muaj kev tiv thaiv ib yam nkaus. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog cov proteins, thiab lawv tiv thaiv peb lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws. Tag nrho cov enzymes yog cov proteins. Enzymes yog lub ntsiab molecules uas tswj tag nrho cov haujlwm metabolic. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov proteins koom nrog hauv cell signaling. Proteins yog tsim los ntawm ribosomes. Protein ua teeb liab raug xa mus rau ribosome los ntawm cov noob hauv DNA. Qhov xav tau cov amino acids tuaj yeem yog los ntawm kev noj zaub mov lossis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv lub cell. Protein denaturation ua rau kev nthuav tawm thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov proteins 'thib ob thiab tertiary qauv. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim cua sov, cov kuab tshuaj organic, cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus, cov tshuaj detergents, mechanical force, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Amino Acid thiab Protein?
• Amino acids yog lub tsev tsim cov proteins.
• Amino acids yog cov molecules me me nrog cov molar me me. Hauv qhov sib piv, cov proteins yog macromolecules, qhov twg molar loj tuaj yeem mus dhau ntau txhiab zaus dua li ntawm cov amino acid.
• Muaj ntau hom protein ntau dua cov amino acids. Vim tias txoj hauv kev yooj yim 20 amino acids npaj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau cov proteins.
