Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleic acid yog cov amino acids yog lub tsev thaiv cov proteins whereas nucleic acids yog macromolecules ua los ntawm nucleotides.
Proteins thiab nucleic acids yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov kab mob muaj sia. Lawv yog cov macromolecules uas muaj ntau pua chav nyob. Yog li ntawd, ib chav tsev rov ua dua sawv cev rau cov monomers lossis lub tsev thaiv uas tau siv los tsim lawv. Amino acids yog cov monomers ntawm cov proteins. Nucleotides yog cov monomers ntawm nucleic acids.
Amino Acid yog dab tsi?
Cov amino acid yog ib qho yooj yim molecule tsim nrog C, H, O, N thiab qee zaum Sulfur thiab. Muaj txog 20 hom amino acids. Tag nrho cov amino acids muaj -COOH, -NH2 pawg thiab -H sib txuas rau carbon. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog chiral carbon, thiab alpha-amino acids yog hom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb lom neeg. Ntxiv mus, peb tsis tuaj yeem pom D-amino acids hauv cov protein thiab tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob siab dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, ntau cov amino acids tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv thiab cov metabolism hauv qis dua ntawm lub neej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov amino acids ntau, muaj qee cov amino acids uas tsis yog-protein derived amino acids, ntau yam uas yog metabolic intermediates los yog ib feem ntawm non-protein biomolecules (ornithine, citrulline). Ib qho amino acid muaj cov qauv hauv qab no.
Daim duab 01: Amino Acid Structure
R pab pawg sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid rau amino acid. Ib yam li ntawd, cov amino acid uas yooj yim tshaj plaws nrog rau pawg R yog H yog glycine. Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li pawg R, peb tuaj yeem faib cov amino acids rau hauv ntau pawg; xws li aliphatic – aromatic, non-polar – polar, zoo them – negatively charged, los yog polar uncharged, thiab lwm yam
Tsis tas li ntawd, amino acids yog lub tsev thaiv cov proteins. Thaum ob amino acids koom ua ib lub dipeptide, kev sib xyaw ua ke yuav tshwm sim hauv ib pawg -NH2 pawg ntawm ib cov amino acid nrog -COOH pawg ntawm lwm cov amino acid. Nyob ntawd, ib daim ntawv cog lus peptide tshem tawm cov dej molecule. Ib yam li ntawd, ntau txhiab tus amino acids tuaj yeem condensed los ua cov peptides ntev, uas tom qab ntawd dhau los ua cov qauv sib txawv los ua cov protein.
Nucleic Acid yog dab tsi?
Nucleic acids yog macromolecules; Lawv tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau txhiab nucleotides. Lawv muaj C, H, N, O thiab P. Muaj ob hom nucleic acids loj hauv cov kab mob lom; lawv yog DNA thiab RNA. Lawv yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev hla cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam.
Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj no tseem ceeb rau kev tswj thiab tswj cov haujlwm ntawm tes. Ib tug nucleotide muaj peb units; lawv yog pentose qab zib molecule, nitrogenous puag, thiab phosphate pawg. Raws li hom pentose qab zib molecule, nitrogenous puag, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm phosphate pawg, cov nucleotides txawv ntawm ib leeg. Piv txwv li, hauv DNA, muaj deoxyribose qab zib, thiab hauv RNA, muaj suab thaj ribose.
Daim duab 02: Nucleic Acid Structure
Ntxiv mus, feem ntau muaj ob pawg ntawm nitrogenous hauv paus; Lawv yog cov pyridines thiab pyrimidines. Cytosine, thymine, thiab uracil yog cov piv txwv rau pyrimidine hauv paus. Adenine thiab guanine yog ob lub hauv paus purine. DNA muaj adenine, Guanine, cytosine, thiab thymine bases, whereas RNA muaj A, G, C thiab uracil (tsis yog thymine).
Nyob hauv DNA thiab RNA, cov hauv paus ntxiv tsim cov hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv. Ib yam li ntawd, hauv cov no, adenine rau thiamine (lossis uracil yog RNA) thiab guanine rau cytosine yog sib ntxiv rau ib leeg. Cov pab pawg phosphates tuaj yeem txuas nrog -OH pawg ntawm carbon 5 ntawm cov suab thaj. Nucleic acids tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas nucleotides nrog phosphodiester bonds tshem tawm cov dej molecules.
Qhov txawv ntawm Amino Acid thiab Nucleic Acid yog dab tsi?
Amino acids thiab nucleic acids yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleic acid yog cov amino acid yog lub tsev thaiv cov proteins thaum nucleic acids yog macromolecule ua los ntawm nucleotides. Yog li ntawd, amino acids yog me me molecules thaum nucleic acids yog macromolecules.
Ntxiv mus, amino acids muaj C, H, O, N thiab S, qhov nucleic acids muaj C, H, O, N thiab P feem ntau. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acids thiab nucleic acids. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom amino acids xws li cov amino acids tseem ceeb, cov amino acids tsis tseem ceeb, thiab lwm yam. tab sis tsuas muaj ob hom nucleic acids loj xwb; lawv yog DNA thiab RNA.
Cov ntawv qhia hauv qab no ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleic acid qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv intabular.
Summary – Amino Acid vs Nucleic Acid
Amino acids yog cov molecules yooj yim thaum nucleic acids yog cov molecules loj. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleic acid yog cov amino acids yog lub tsev blocks ntawm proteins whereas nucleic acids yog macromolecules ua los ntawm nucleotides.
