Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Nucleotide vs Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acids yog macromolecules pom hauv cov kab mob. Muaj ob hom nucleic acids hu ua DNA thiab RNA. DNA ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces los yog keeb kwm ntawm yuav luag txhua yam kab mob. Hauv qee cov kab mob, RNA ua haujlwm raws li cov caj ces ntawm cov kab mob. Nucleic acids yog tsim los ntawm ntau txhiab units hu ua nucleotides. RNA yog tsim los ntawm ribonucleotides thiab DNA yog tsim los ntawm deoxyribonucleotides. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm nucleotide thiab nucleic acid yog nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm nucleic acid thaum lub nucleic acid yog polymer ntawm nucleotides.
Nucleotide yog dab tsi?
Nucleotide yog ib chav tsev ntawm nucleic acids. Lawv yog cov tsev blocks lossis monomers ntawm DNA thiab RNA. Lawv txuas nrog ib leeg los tsim cov saw hlau polynucleotide uas muab cov qauv rau DNA lossis RNA. Lub nucleotide yog tsim los ntawm peb lub ntsiab. Lawv yog cov nitrogenous puag, pentose qab zib (tsib carbon qab zib), thiab phosphate pawg. Muaj tsib lub hauv paus nitrogenous xws li Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine. Thymine pom tsuas yog hauv DNA thaum uracil tshwj xeeb rau RNA. Muaj ob hom tsib carbon suab thaj hauv nucleic acids. RNA muaj ribose qab zib thaum DNA muaj deoxyribose qab zib. Nucleotide muaj peb pawg phosphate txuas nrog pentose qab zib.
Nucleotides tsim phosphodiester bonds ntawm 3'OH thiab 5' Phosphate pawg ntawm ob nucleotides uas nyob ib sab los tsim cov polynucleotide saw. Nitrogenous bases tsim hydrogen bonds ntawm complementary bases nyob rau hauv ob stranded DNA. Nucleotides muaj npe nrog peb tsab ntawv tseem ceeb xws li ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, UTP, thiab lwm yam. Thawj tsab ntawv hais txog nitrogenous puag. Cov tsiaj ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb hais txog cov phosphate pawg thiab phosphate. Nucleotide tuaj yeem dais qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm peb pawg phosphate, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem muaj ib pawg phosphate hauv nucleotide. Lub nucleotide tsis muaj phosphate pawg hu ua nucleoside.
Nucleotides hauv hlwb muaj cov haujlwm sib txawv. Lawv pab txhawb kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces hauv nws cov kab ke. Qee cov nucleotides coj zoo li lub zog txiaj hauv lub hlwb (piv txwv li - ATP). Ob peb nucleotides ua raws li cov tub txib thib ob thiab koom nrog hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes (cAMP, cGTP). Qee cov nucleotides kuj catalyze cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic los ntawm kev ua raws li coenzymes.
Daim duab 01: Nucleotide
Nucleic Acid yog dab tsi?
Nucleic acids yog biopolymers muaj ntau lab tus monomers hu ua nucleotides. Muaj ob hom nucleic acids: DNA thiab RNA. DNA thiab RNA txawv nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm DNA thiab RNA yog DNA muaj deoxyribose qab zib thaum RNA muaj ribose qab zib raws li qhia los ntawm lawv cov npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, adenine tsim hydrogen bonds nrog thymine hauv DNA thaum adenine tsim hydrogen bonds nrog uracil es tsis txhob ntawm thymine hauv RNA.
Nucleic acids, feem ntau DNA, muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug suav hais tias yog biomolecules tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv cov hlwb uas tso cai rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj ces mus txog rau tiam tom ntej. RNA yog hom thib ob ntawm nucleic acid uas muaj cov txheej txheem genetic codes uas yog encoded rau cov proteins. Yog li RNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov protein ntau hauv cov hlwb. Muaj ntau hom RNA. Neeg xa xov liaison RNA (mRNA) yog RNA tsim los ntawm DNA transcription uas cov ntaub ntawv muab zais los ua cov proteins. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) yog nyob rau hauv lub ribosome thiab koom nrog cov protein synthesis los ntawm mRNA. Hloov RNA (tRNA) yog ib hom RNA koom nrog hauv kev txhais ntawm mRNA rau hauv cov amino acid sib lawv liag. MicroRNA (miRNA) yog me me RNA molecule koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm noob caj noob ces.
DNA feem ntau tshwm sim raws li ob npaug ntawm cov molecule nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thaum RNA muaj ntau dua nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv stranded.
Daim duab 02: Nucleic Acids
Qhov txawv ntawm Nucleotide thiab Nucleic Acid yog dab tsi?
Nucleotide vs Nucleic Acid |
|
| Nucleotide yog ib chav tsev ntawm nucleic acids. | Nucleic acids yog biopolymer tsim los ntawm ntau lab tus monomers hu ua nucleotides |
| qauv | |
| Nucleotide yog monomer. | Nucleic acid yog polymer. |
| Nucleotide yog tsim los ntawm pentose qab zib, nitrogenous puag & phosphate pawg. | Nucleic acids yog tsim los ntawm polynucleotide chains. |
| Kev faib tawm | |
| Muaj ntau yam nucleotides xws li ATP, GTP. CTP, TTP, UTP thiab lwm yam. | Muaj ob yam tseem ceeb hu ua DNA thiab RNA. |
Summary – Nucleotide vs Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv lossis chav tsev tsim qauv ntawm nucleic acids. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm phosphate pawg, nitrogenous bases thiab pentose qab zib. Nucleotides txuas ua ke los ntawm phosphodiester bonds los tsim polynucleotide chains. Nucleic acid yog ib qho polymer ua los ntawm polynucleotide chains. Muaj ob hom nucleic acids hu ua DNA thiab RNA. DNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia thiab hloov cov ntaub ntawv caj ces thaum RNA yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov protein thiab lwm yam haujlwm hauv cov hlwb.
