Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleotide yog cov amino acid yog lub tsev thaiv cov proteins thaum lub nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm nucleic acids.
Macromolecule yog ib qho loj molecule uas tshwm sim vim polymerization ntawm nws cov monomers. Feem ntau cov macromolecules pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob nyob nrog rau cov nroj tsuag yog nucleic acids (DNA thiab RNA), proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov sib txawv macromolecules, proteins thiab nucleic acids yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov ciaj sia taus ntawm cov kab mob. Amino acids thiab nucleotides yog lub tsev blocks ntawm cov proteins thiab nucleic acids feem. Ob leeg yog cov organic molecules thiab tam sim no nyob rau hauv siab concentrations hauv hlwb.
Amino Acid yog dab tsi?
Cov amino acid yog qhov yooj yim ntawm cov proteins. Muaj txog nees nkaum yam amino acids. Tag nrho cov amino acids muaj -COOH thiab -NH2 pawg thiab -H sib txuas rau carbon. Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog chiral carbon, thiab alpha-amino acids yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb lom neeg. D-amino acids tsis muaj nyob hauv cov protein thiab tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov metabolism hauv cov kab mob siab dua thiab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam tseem ceeb hauv cov qauv thiab cov metabolism hauv qis dua ntawm lub neej. Cov pab pawg R txawv ntawm ib qho amino acid mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov yooj yim amino acid nrog R pawg ua H yog glycine. Raws li pawg R, cov amino acids tuaj yeem muab faib ua aliphatic, aromatic, tsis-polar, polar, zoo them, tsis zoo them, lossis polar uncharged, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Amino Acid
Amino acids yog lub tsev tsim cov proteins. Thaum ob amino acids koom ua ib lub dipeptide, qhov kev sib txuas uas yog peptide daim ntawv cog lus tshwm sim ntawm NH 2 pawg ntawm ib cov amino acid nrog COOH pawg ntawm lwm cov amino acid los ntawm kev tsim cov dej molecule.. Ntau txhiab tus amino acids tuaj yeem condensed zoo li cov no los tsim cov peptides ntev, uas tom qab ntawd muab tais ua cov protein.
Nucleotide yog dab tsi?
Nucleotide yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm ob qhov tseem ceeb macromolecules DNA thiab RNA. Lawv yog cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm lub cev thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev hla cov yam ntxwv ntawm caj ces los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tswj thiab tswj cov haujlwm ntawm tes. Dua li ntawm ob lub macromolecules no, muaj lwm cov nucleotides tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, ATP (Adenosinetriphosphate) thiab GTP yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev cia lub zog. NADP thiab FAD yog nucleotides, uas ua raws li cofactors. Nucleotides zoo li CAM (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) yog qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev taw qhia ntawm tes.
A nucleotide muaj peb yam khoom xws li pentose qab zib molecule, nitrogenous puag thiab phosphate pawg / s. Raws li hom pentose qab zib molecule, lub hauv paus nitrogenous thiab cov phosphate pawg, nucleotides txawv ntawm ib leeg. Piv txwv li, hauv DNA, muaj deoxyribose qab zib hauv deoxyribonucleotide thaum nyob hauv RNA, muaj ribose qab zib hauv ribonucleotide.
Ntxiv mus, muaj ob pawg ntawm nitrogenous hauv paus ua pyridines thiab pyrimidines. Pyrimidines yog me me heterocyclic, aromatic, thiab rau-tus tswv cuab rings uas muaj nitrogens ntawm 1 thiab 3 txoj hauj lwm. Cytosine, thymine, thiab uracil yog cov piv txwv rau pyrimidine hauv paus. Purine puag yog ntau dua li pyrimidines. Lwm yam tshaj li lub nplhaib heterocyclic aromatic, lawv muaj lub nplhaib imidazole fused rau qhov ntawd. Adenine thiab guanine yog ob lub hauv paus purine.
Daim duab 02: Ribonucleotide
Nyob hauv DNA thiab RNA, cov hauv paus ntxiv tsim cov hydrogen bonds ntawm lawv. Adenine tsim ob daim ntawv cog lus H nrog thiamine lossis uracil thaum guanine tsim peb H daim ntawv cog lus nrog cytosine. Cov phosphates txuas nrog -OH pawg ntawm carbon 5 ntawm cov suab thaj. Hauv nucleotides ntawm DNA thiab RNA, feem ntau muaj ib pawg phosphate. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv lwm cov nucleotides xws li ATP, muaj ntau dua ib pawg phosphate tam sim no.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Amino Acid thiab Nucleotide?
- Amino acid thiab nucleotide yog monomers lossis cov chav yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub macromolecules.
- Lawv muaj peev xwm txuas nrog lwm hom molecule thiaj li tsim tau ib lub polymer.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv yog cov molecules tseem ceeb heev.
- Tsis tas li, txhua lub monomer muaj ntau hom, thiab muaj 20 cov amino acids sib txawv thaum muaj ntau yam nucleotides.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si muaj C, H, O thiab N atoms.
Qhov txawv ntawm Amino Acid thiab Nucleotide yog dab tsi?
Ib qho amino acid yog ib qho monomer ntawm cov protein molecule thaum lub nucleotide yog monomer ntawm nucleic acid. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm amino acid thiab nucleotide. Ntxiv mus, cov amino acid muaj C, H, N, O thiab S atoms thaum nucleotide muaj C, H, N, O thiab P atoms. Yog li, qhov no yog lwm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleotide. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho amino acid muaj COOH, NH 2 thiab R pawg thaum lub nucleotide muaj pentose qab zib, ib pawg nitrogenous thiab phosphate.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm amino acid thiab nucleotide.
Summary – Amino Acid vs Nucleotide
Muaj ntau yam macromolecules. Ntawm lawv, cov proteins thiab nucleic acids yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Proteins yog lub luag haujlwm rau ntau lub luag haujlwm ntawm tes thaum nucleic acids ua cov genomes ntawm cov kab mob. Raws li txoj cai, amino acids yog lub tsev blocks ntawm cov proteins. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nucleotides yog lub tsev thaiv ntawm nucleic acids; DNA thiab RNA. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm amino acid thiab nucleotide. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho amino acid molecule muaj COOH, NH 2 thiab R pab pawg thaum lub nucleotide muaj pentose qab zib, nitrogenous puag thiab phosphate pawg. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov amino acid thiab nucleotide.
