Acyl vs Acetyl
Muaj ntau pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov molecules, uas yog siv los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov molecules. Acyl yog ib pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo li no, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau chav kawm ntawm cov molecules.
Acyl
Ib pawg acyl muaj cov qauv ntawm RCO. Muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus ntawm C thiab O, thiab lwm daim ntawv cog lus nrog R pawg. Acyl pawg muaj nyob rau hauv esters, aldehydes, ketones, anhydrides, amides, acid chlorides, thiab carboxylic acids. Yog li ntawd, lwm daim ntawv cog lus nrog cov pa roj carbon atom tuaj yeem yog -OH, -NH 2, -X, -R, -H thiab lwm yam. Acyl pawg yog pawg ua haujlwm, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov lub sij hawm, lo lus no siv nyob rau hauv organic chemistry tab sis, nyob rau hauv inorganic chemistry, kuj peb yuav nrhiav tau lub sij hawm no. Inorganic acids zoo li sulfonic acid thiab phosphonic acid muaj cov pa atom, uas yog ob npaug rau lwm lub atom. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, kuj lawv pab pawg ua haujlwm tau hais tias yog pawg acyl. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau, acyl pawg yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm carbon thiab oxygen atom, uas yog txuas los ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. Kev txheeb xyuas ib pawg acyl yog ib qho yooj yim vim yog C=O. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv IR spectroscopy, C=O stretching band yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab muaj zog band. C=O ncov tshwm sim ntawm ntau zaus rau cov sib txawv acyl tebchaw xws li carboxylic acids, amides, esters, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, qhov no yuav pab txiav txim siab cov qauv thiab. Lwm yam tshaj li txoj kev spectroscopic, los ntawm kev sim tshuaj yooj yim peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov acyl compounds. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov, uas peb tuaj yeem ua hauv chav kuaj.
Vim tias carboxylic acids tsis muaj zog acids, litmus daim ntawv xeem lossis pH ntawv tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov dej-soluble carboxylic acids. Dej insoluble carboxylic acids yaj nyob rau hauv aqueous sodium hydroxide
Acyl chlorides hydrolyze hauv dej thiab muab precipitates nrog aqueous silver nitrate
Acid anhydrides yaj thaum rhuab luv luv nrog aqueous sodium hydroxide
Amides tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm amines nrog dilute HCl
Esters thiab amides yog hydrolyzed maj mam thaum reacting nrog sodium hydroxide. Los ntawm cov khoom siv hydrolyzed, acyl compound tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas. Ester tsim cov carboxylate ion thiab cawv, thaum amide tsim cov carboxylate ion thiab amine lossis ammonia
Nucleophilic hloov pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm acyl carbon vim nws muaj qhov zoo me ntsis. Ntau yam kev tshwm sim ntawm hom no tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob nyob, thiab lawv hu ua acyl hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Los ntawm tag nrho cov acyl compounds, acyl chlorides muaj lub siab tshaj plaws reactivity rau nucleophilic hloov pauv thiab amides muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws reactivity.
Acetyl
Acetyl pawg yog ib qho piv txwv rau cov organic acyl pawg. Qhov no tseem hu ua ethanoyl pawg. Nws muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm CH3CO. Yog li, R pawg hauv acyl yog hloov los ntawm pawg methyl. Lwm daim ntawv cog lus hauv cov pa roj carbon tuaj yeem ua nrog -OH, -NH2, -X, -R, -H thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, CH3 COOH hu ua acetic acid. Kev taw qhia ntawm ib pawg acetyl rau hauv ib lub molecule yog hu ua acetylation. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob lom thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws.
Qhov txawv ntawm Acyl thiab Acetyl yog dab tsi?
• Acetyl belongs rau chav kawm ntawm acyl compounds.
• General formula of an acyl is RCO and, in acetyl, the R group is CH3. Yog li ntawd, ib pawg acetyl muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm CH3CO.
