Encapsulation vs Abstraction
Encapsulation thiab Abstraction yog ob qhov sib txawv tab sis muaj feem xyuam nrog cov ntsiab lus pom hauv OOP (Object Oriented Programming) hom lus. Encapsulation yog lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev coj cwj pwm ua ke ua ib qho chaw. Ntawm qhov tod tes, Abstraction yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nthuav qhia yuav ua li cas lub koom haum coj tus cwj pwm zoo li tsis zoo li nws tau siv.
Encapsulation yog dab tsi?
Encapsulation yog txheej txheem ntawm kev qhwv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas ua haujlwm ntawm lawv rau hauv ib qho chaw. Qhov no tseem ceeb txhais tau hais tias txhawm rau nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv, qee yam kev npaj ua ntej yuav tsum tau siv. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov ntaub ntawv encapsulated tsis tuaj yeem siv ncaj qha. Qhov no ua kom paub tseeb tias kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia vim tias tus neeg siv tsis tuaj yeem nkag ncaj qha thiab hloov kho cov ntaub ntawv raws li nws xav tau. Cov neeg siv yuav tau txais lossis teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig tsuas yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau tshaj tawm rau cov neeg siv. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau muab cov ntaub ntawv validation kom tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tsim nyog hom ntawv tso cai rau muab tso rau hauv lub teb. Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Encapsulation yog peb-fold. Los ntawm Encapsulation, tus programmer tuaj yeem ua cov teb ntawm chav kawm nyeem nkaus xwb lossis sau nkaus xwb. Qhov thib ob, ib chav kawm muaj peev xwm tswj tau tag nrho cov khoom khaws cia hauv nws daim teb. Thaum kawg, cov neeg siv ntawm ib chav kawm tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb li cas nws cov ntaub ntawv raug khaws cia. Hauv Java, tus programmer tuaj yeem tshaj tawm txhua qhov piv txwv sib txawv los ua tus kheej thiab muab cov txheej txheem tau txais thiab teeb tsa (uas yog pej xeem) kom nkag mus thiab hloov kho cov chaw ntiag tug.
Dab tsi yog Abstraction?
Abstraction yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev cais cov ntsiab lus nthuav tawm los ntawm cov ntsiab lus siv. Qhov no yog ua kom tus tsim tawm tau tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv ntau dua. Hloov chaw, tus programmer tuaj yeem tsom mus rau qhov kev nthuav qhia lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lub koom haum. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, abstraction tsom mus rau yuav ua li cas ib qho chaw yuav siv tau li cas es tsis yog yuav ua li cas. Abstraction tseem ceeb zais cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv, yog li txawm tias qhov kev siv cov txheej txheem hloov pauv lub sijhawm, tus programmer yuav tsis tas txhawj txog nws yuav cuam tshuam li cas rau nws txoj haujlwm. Ib qho system tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ob peb txheej lossis qib. Piv txwv li, cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg qis qis yuav nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus kho vajtse, thaum lub siab-theem abstraction tsuas yog qhia txog kev lag luam logic ntawm lub koom haum. Lub sij hawm abstraction yuav raug siv los xa mus rau ob qho chaw thiab cov txheej txheem thiab qhov no ua rau qee qhov tsis meej pem. Raws li tus txheej txheem, abstraction txhais tau tias tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thaum tsis quav ntsej cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ib yam khoom lossis ib pawg ntawm cov khoom, thaum ua ib qho chaw, abstraction txhais tau tias tus qauv lossis kev pom ntawm ib qho chaw nrog tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Hauv Java, tus programmer tuaj yeem siv lo lus tseem ceeb paub daws teeb meem los tshaj tawm cov chav kawm ua ib qho kev paub daws teeb meem, uas sawv cev rau qhov tseem ceeb txhais cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag.
Qhov txawv ntawm Encapsulation thiab Abstraction yog dab tsi?
Txawm tias Encapsulation thiab Abstraction yog cov ntsiab lus muaj feem xyuam nrog pom hauv Object Oriented Programming lus, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Abstraction yog cov txheej txheem, uas pab peb txheeb xyuas qhov yuav tsum pom thiab qhov twg yuav tsum tau muab zais. Encapsulation yog cov txheej txheem rau ntim cov ntaub ntawv xws li nws ua kom pom qhov yuav tsum pom thiab zais qhov yuav tsum tau muab zais. Hauv lwm lo lus, Encapsulation tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau tias yog ib kauj ruam dhau qhov kev xav. Thaum abstraction txo cov khoom ntiaj teb tiag tiag rau nws qhov tseem ceeb txhais cov yam ntxwv, encapsulation txuas ntxiv lub tswv yim no los ntawm kev ua qauv thiab txuas qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawd.
