Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab hlau yog lawv qhov nyuaj. Aluminium tsis tshua muaj zog dua hlau.
Aluminium thiab steel yog cov khoom siv hlau. Aluminium yog ib qho khoom siv uas feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb, thaum hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon, hlau, thiab lwm yam khoom. Ob cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qee qhov kev siv zoo sib xws, tab sis txhuas hlau yog qhov sib piv softer dua steel.
Aluminium yog dab tsi?
Aluminium yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj tus lej atomic 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj no tshwm sim li silvery-dawb, mos hlau. Aluminium hlau yog nonmagnetic thiab ductile heev. Nws muaj ntau hauv ntiaj teb (8% ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust). Cov hlau no yog chemically reactive heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav ib txwm qauv ntawm txhuas. Cov hlau no muaj qhov ntom ntom. Nws yog lub teeb yuag thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus corrosion ntawm kev tsim cov oxide txheej ntawm nws qhov chaw.
Lub teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom txhuas yog [Ne]3s13p1. Nws muaj tus qauv atomic hnyav ntawm 26.98. Aluminium tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov khoom hauv lub xeev ntawm chav tsev kub thiab siab tej yam kev mob. Nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog 660.32 degrees Celsius, thiab nws qhov kub kub yog 2470 degrees Celsius. Qhov feem ntau oxidation xeev ntawm txhuas hlau yog +3.
Muaj ntau cov alloys ntawm txhuas uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam sib txawv. Feem ntau siv alloying tshuaj ntsiab lus rau txhuas muaj xws li tooj liab, magnesium, zinc, silicon, thiab tin. Aluminium alloys tuaj yeem ua tau ob hom xws li casting alloys thiab wrought alloys. Ob pawg no tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg sib txawv raws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kho tau zoo thiab cov tsis muaj cua sov-kho tau aluminium alloys. Cov feem ntau siv daim ntawv ntawm lawv yog cov wrought alloy.
Dab tsi yog Steel?
Steel yog ib qho alloy ntawm hlau thiab carbon nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj. Cov ntsiab lus carbon nyob rau hauv cov alloy no nce mus txog 2% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau muaj xws li lub zog tensile siab thiab tus nqi qis. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho vaj tse. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov cuab yeej rau kev tsim kho thiab.
Cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov hlau ntshiab muaj me ntsis tsis kam rau cov hlau atoms plam ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, hlau ntshiab yog ductile heev. Tab sis cov hlau muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab lwm yam khoom siv uas tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tawv tawv. Yog li, qhov ductility ntawm steel yog qis dua li cov hlau ntshiab. Cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm cov hlau ntshiab muaj qhov sib txawv uas tuaj yeem txav tau, ua rau cov hlau txuas, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hlau, cov khoom xws li carbon tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev txav ntawm cov dislocations ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv siv lead ua ntawm hlau.
Peb tuaj yeem nrhiav plaub hom hlau; carbon steel, uas muaj hlau thiab carbon, hlau alloy, muaj hlau, carbon, thiab manganese, stainless hlau, uas muaj hlau, carbon, thiab chromium thiab cov cuab yeej hlau, muaj hlau thiab kab ntau ntawm tungsten thiab molybdenum.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau tuaj yeem raug xeb thaum raug cua thiab ya raws, tshwj tsis yog cov hlau tsis muaj steel. Stainless hlau muaj chromium, uas ua rau nws corrosion resistant los ntawm kev tsim cov chromium oxide txheej ntawm cov hlau nto thaum nws raug rau huab cua.
Qhov txawv ntawm Aluminium thiab Hlau yog dab tsi?
Txhuas thiab hlau yog cov hlau nplaum tseem ceeb uas muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam sib txawv. Aluminium yog cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj tus lej atomic 13 thiab cov cim tshuaj Al. Hlau yog ib qho alloy ntawm hlau thiab carbon nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab hlau yog tias txhuas tsis tshua muaj zog dua hlau.
Summary - Aluminium vs Steel
Aluminium thiab steel yog cov khoom siv hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm txhuas thiab hlau yog tias txhuas tsis tshua muaj zog dua hlau. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hlau yog txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj sib txawv, thiab cov hlau tuaj yeem hloov kho rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv.
