Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tungsten yog cov hlau lead muaj qhov sib piv tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem txiav tau yooj yim, qhov tungsten yog denser dua cov hlau lead thiab xav tau lub pob zeb diamond hniav txiav.
Lead thiab tungsten yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb uas muaj ntau yam kev siv tseem ceeb. Lead yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 82 thiab cov cim tshuaj Pb, thaum tungsten yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj lub cim W thiab atomic tooj 74.
Lead yog dab tsi?
Lead yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 82 thiab cov cim tshuaj Pb. Nws tshwm sim raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg hlau. Nws tuaj yeem raug cais raws li cov hlau hnyav thiab yog denser dua li feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas peb paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead tuaj yeem pom tau tias yog cov hlau mos thiab malleable uas muaj qhov qis melting kuj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau freshly txiav hlau hlau, thiab muaj ib tug yam ntxwv xiav hint nrog rau silvery grey metallic tsos. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead tuaj yeem tarnish thaum raug huab cua. Nws muab cov hlau nto ib dull grey tsos. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov hlau no muaj tus lej atomic ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov.
Lead yog cov hlau tsis zoo tom qab hloov pauv. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tsis muaj zog hlau ua cim ntawm cov hlau lead siv nws qhov amphoteric xwm. E.g. txhuas thiab txhuas oxides teb nrog cov kua qaub thiab cov hauv paus thiab nyiam tsim covalent bonds. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hmoov txhuas feem ntau muaj +2 oxidation lub xeev ntawm cov hlau lead ntau dua li +4 oxidation xeev (+4 yog cov oxidation ntau tshaj plaws rau pawg 14 tshuaj lom neeg).
thaum xav txog cov khoom siv loj ntawm txhuas, nws muaj qhov siab ntom, malleability, ductility, thiab siab rau corrosion vim tias passivation. Lead muaj lub ntsej muag kaw lub ntsej muag sib ze thiab qhov hnyav atomic hnyav, uas yog ntau dua li cov hlau xws li hlau, tooj liab, thiab zinc. Thaum piv rau feem ntau cov hlau, txhuas muaj qhov melting point tsawg heev, thiab nws cov boiling point kuj yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm pawg 14 ntsiab.
Lead nyiam tsim txheej tiv thaiv thaum raug huab cua. Qhov feem ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej no yog lead (II) carbonate. Kuj tseem tuaj yeem muaj sulfate thiab chloride Cheebtsam ntawm cov hlau lead. Cov txheej no ua rau cov hlau lead saum npoo zoo chemically inert rau huab cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj fluorine tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog cov hmoov txhuas hauv chav tsev kub kom tsim tau cov hmoov lead (II) fluoride. Muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo sib xws nrog cov roj chlorine, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau lead yog resistant rau sulfuric acid thiab phosphoric acid tab sis reacts nrog HCl thiab HNO 3acid. Organic acids xws li acetic acid tuaj yeem yaj cov hlau lead hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen. Ib yam li ntawd, concentrated alkali acids tuaj yeem yaj ua cov plumbites.
Tungsten yog dab tsi?
Tungsten yog ib pawg 6 cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv lub ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb yog ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws muaj lub cim W thiab tus lej atomic 74. Cov hlau no zoo li greyish dawb, xim hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tungsten muaj xws li scheelite thiab wolframite.
Cov hlau tungsten dawb muaj qhov muaj zog zoo heev. Nws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point ntawm tag nrho cov paub cov ntsiab lus tshuaj. Cov hlau no tseem muaj qhov kub siab tshaj plaws uas paub txog txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg. Qhov ntom ntawm cov hlau no ntau dua piv nrog cov kub thiab cov tshuaj uranium. Qhov ntom ntom no ntau dua li cov hlau lead.
Tungsten yog intrinsically nkig thiab tawv, uas ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov hlau no. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau ntshiab yog ntau dua, thiab peb tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav nws nrog ib qho nyuaj steel hacksaw. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tsuas yog cov hlau uas paub tias tshwm sim hauv biomolecules thaum xav txog lwm cov hlau hloov pauv hauv 3rd series. Peb tuaj yeem pom cov hlau no hauv ob peb hom kab mob thiab archaea.
Muaj ntau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm tungsten, suav nrog kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj xws li tungsten carbide thiab kev tsim cov alloys thiab steels. Cov hlau no muaj qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, uas ua rau nws tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem sophisticated xws li hmoov metallurgy, spark plasma sintering, tshuaj vapor deposition, kub isostatic nias, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Lead thiab Tungsten yog dab tsi?
Lead yog cov tshuaj muaj atomic tooj 82 thiab cov cim tshuaj Pb, thaum tungsten yog cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj lub cim W thiab atomic tooj 74. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tungsten yog cov hlau lead muaj qhov sib piv tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav tshiab, qhov tungsten yog ntom dua cov hlau lead thiab nws yuav tsum tau pob zeb diamond hniav txiav hlau.
Cov hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tungsten hauv daim ntawv tabular rau kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – Lead vs Tungsten
Lead thiab tungsten yog cov tshuaj tseem ceeb uas tshwm sim ua hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau lead thiab tungsten yog cov hlau lead muaj qhov sib piv tsawg dua thiab tuaj yeem txiav tau yooj yim, qhov tungsten yog denser dua cov hlau lead thiab xav tau lub pob zeb diamond hniav txiav.
