Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen thiab helium yog hydrogen yog cov roj diatomic, thaum helium yog cov roj monatomic.
Hydrogen thiab helium yog thawj ob lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm. Ob leeg yog gases thiab muaj kev nplua nuj nyob hauv lub qab ntuj khwb. Lawv yog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim heev uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob puv rau 1s orbital nkaus xwb. Hydrogen tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob xwb, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm Helium los ntawm kev tau txais lwm tus.
Hydrogen yog dab tsi?
Hydrogen yog thawj zaug thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, uas yog denoted li H. Nws muaj ib tug electron thiab ib tug proton. Peb tuaj yeem categorize nws nyob rau hauv pawg 1 thiab lub sijhawm 1 nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham vim nws cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob: 1s1. Hydrogen tuaj yeem nqa ib qho hluav taws xob los tsim cov ion tsis zoo, lossis tuaj yeem yooj yim pub ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo lossis sib koom ua hluav taws xob los ua cov ntawv cog lus. Vim yog lub peev xwm no, hydrogen muaj nyob rau hauv ntau lub molecules, thiab nws yog ib qho khoom muaj ntau hauv ntiaj teb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen muaj peb lub isotopes hu ua protium-1H (tsis muaj neutrons), deuterium-2H (ib neutron), thiab tritium- 3H (ob neutrons). Protium yog qhov ntau tshaj ntawm peb, muaj li ntawm 99% txheeb ze abundance.
Hydrogen muaj nyob rau hauv diatomic molecule (H2) nyob rau theem roj, thiab nws yog cov roj tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho hluav taws kub heev thiab nws kub hnyiab nrog cov nplaim daj daj. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm chav tsev kub, nws tsis heev reactive. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam sai. H2 yog nyob rau hauv xoom oxidation xeev; Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua raws li tus neeg saib xyuas kom txo tau cov hlau oxides, lossis chlorides thiab tso tawm cov hlau. Hydrogen muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam tshuaj xws li ammonia ntau lawm hauv cov txheej txheem Haber. Ntxiv mus, kua hydrogen yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li ib tug roj nyob rau hauv foob pob ua ntxaij thiab tsheb.
Helium yog dab tsi?
Helium (Nws) yog lub ntsiab lus thib ob hauv lub sijhawm lub sijhawm, thiab nws nyob hauv pawg 18 (Nobel gas). Nws muaj ob lub electrons; Yog li ntawd, qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob yog 1s2. S orbital tsuas tuaj yeem ua raws li ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob, yog li hauv helium s orbital tau puv puv, ua helium yog cov roj inert. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm helium yog 4 g mol-1.
Helium yog lub teeb, tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo li hydrogen. Nws kuj muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj kub kub, tsis tshua muaj siab, tsis tshua muaj solubility thiab siab thermal conductivity. Lub melting point (0.95 K) thiab boiling point (4.22 K) ntawm helium yog xam raws li qhov qis tshaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lwm yam. Ntxiv mus, cov roj no muaj xya isotopes, ntawm cov He-3 thiab He-4 nkaus xwb. Helium yog sib zog tshaj huab cua, yog li nws yog siv los sau balloons, airships, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pressurizing kua roj foob pob ua ntxaij, ua ib tug txias nruab nrab rau nuclear reactors, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hydrogen thiab Helium yog dab tsi?
Hydrogen thiab helium yog cov khoom me tshaj plaws thiab cov no yog thawj ob lub ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen thiab helium yog hydrogen yog diatomic gas, thaum helium yog monatomic gas. Helium muaj tag nrho s orbital (1s2), tab sis hauv hydrogen, tsuas muaj ib qho hluav taws xob (1s1), yog li nws tsis ruaj khov. Piv rau hydrogen, helium yog ib qho roj inert. Ntxiv mus, helium yog sib zog dua huab cua, tab sis hydrogen yog me ntsis hnyav dua huab cua. Tsis tas li ntawd, hydrogen yog reactive nyob rau hauv kev sib piv rau helium, yog li hydrogen tsim ntau cov tshuaj sib txuas, tab sis helium tsis.
Summary – Hydrogen vs Helium
Hydrogen thiab helium yog cov khoom tsawg tshaj plaws thiab cov no yog thawj ob lub ntsiab lus hauv lub sijhawm. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hydrogen thiab helium yog hydrogen yog diatomic gas, thaum helium yog monatomic gas.
