Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw yog tias cov saw hnyav yog polypeptide subunit loj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum lub teeb saw yog me me polypeptide subunit ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho immunoglobulin. Nws yog ib qho loj Y-zoo li cov protein siv los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los txheeb xyuas thiab nruab nrab cov proteins txawv teb chaws xws li antigens ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic thiab kab mob. Muaj tsib hom kab mob mammalian antibody isotypes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, thiab IgM. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm ob lub immunoglobulin hnyav chains thiab ob lub immunoglobulin lub teeb chains. Yog li ntawd, cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw yog ob subunits ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Havy Chain yog dab tsi?
Cov saw hnyav yog qhov loj polypeptide subunit ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog denoted li IgH. Ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm ob lub immunoglobulin-hnyav chains. Hnyav chains yog encoded los ntawm cov noob loci uas nyob ntawm chromosome 14 hauv tib neeg genome. Muaj ntau ntau hom chains hnyav uas txhais cov chav kawm lossis isotype ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntxiv mus, cov saw hnyav no sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv. Tag nrho cov saw hnyav muaj cov tshuaj immunoglobulin sib txawv. Cov saw hnyav feem ntau yog nrog ib qho kev sib txawv (VH). Lub variable domain yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv antigen khi. Cov saw hnyav kuj muaj ntau qhov chaw tas li xws li CH1, CH2, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Hnyav Saw
Nyob rau hauv B cell maturation, zus tau tej cov saw hnyav yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Yog hais tias cov saw hnyav tuaj yeem khi rau ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm lub teeb thiab txav mus rau cov plasma daim nyias nyias ntawm B cell, tom qab ntawd cov B cell yuav pib tsim nws cov saw teeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov tsiaj nyeg, muaj tsib hom chains hnyav: γ, δ, α, μ thiab ε. Cov saw hnyav sib txawv no txhais cov chav kawm ntawm immunoglobulins; IgG, IgD, IgA, IgM, thiab IgE, feem. Hnyav chains α thiab γ muaj kwv yees li 450 amino acids. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov saw hnyav μ thiab ε muaj kwv yees li 550 amino acids.
Lub Teeb Chain yog dab tsi?
Lub teeb saw yog lub me me polypeptide subunit ntawm ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog tsim los ntawm ob txoj hlua immunoglobulin. Hauv tib neeg, muaj ob hom teeb pom kev zoo: kappa (K) saw, uas yog encoded los ntawm immunoglobulin kappa locus (IgK) ntawm chromosome 2, thiab lambda (λ) saw, uas yog encoded los ntawm immunoglobulin lambda locus (IgL) ntawm chromosome 22.
Daim duab 02: Lub Teeb Saw
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm B lymphocytes, qhov twg txhua tus qhia tsuas yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov saw teeb. Thaum cov chav kawm teeb pom kev zoo tau teeb tsa, nws tseem ruaj khov rau lub neej ntawm B lymphocyte. Hauv cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, tag nrho kappa rau lambda piv yog kwv yees li 2: 1 lossis 1: 1.5 hauv cov ntshav. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv heev yog qhov qhia txog neoplasm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsuas yog ib hom teeb pom kev zoo muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Txhua lub teeb saw yog tsim los ntawm ob lub tandem immunoglobulin domains: ib qho tas mus li (CL) domain thiab ib qho sib txawv (VL). Lub variable domain yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau antigen khi. Qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb saw hlau yog kwv yees li 211 txog 217 amino acids.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Hnyav Sawb thiab Lub Teeb Pom Kev?
- Cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw yog ob lub subunits ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Ob txoj saw yog polypeptides ua los ntawm cov amino acids.
- Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj.
- Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txoj hlua khi nrog antigens.
- Ob leeg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Hnyav Sawb thiab Lub Teeb Pom Kev?
Cov saw hnyav yog qhov loj polypeptide subunit ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum lub teeb saw yog me me polypeptide subunit ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj tsib yam sib txawv ntawm cov hlua hnyav xws li γ, δ, α, μ, thiab ε thaum muaj ob hom sib txawv ntawm cov hlua xws li kappa (K) thiab lambda (λ).
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Heavy Chain vs Light Chain
Antibody lossis immunoglobulin yog ib qho loj Y-zoo li cov protein uas siv los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los txheeb xyuas thiab ua rau cov proteins txawv teb chaws hu ua antigens. Hnyav saw thiab lub teeb saw yog ob lub subunits ntawm ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hnyav saw yog qhov loj polypeptide subunit ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum lub teeb sawb yog cov me me polypeptide subunit ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw.
