Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD yog hom saw hnyav hauv txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum IgG muaj γ hom saw hnyav, IgM muaj μ hom saw hnyav. Hauv qhov sib piv, IgA muaj α hom saw hnyav, IgE muaj ε hom saw hnyav, thiab IgD muaj δ hom saw hnyav.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ib qho antigen ua ib feem ntawm kev ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tsiaj qib siab. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob-antigen cuam tshuam ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li agglutination, neutralization, opsonization, ua kom muaj zog ntxiv, thiab B cell activation uas koom nrog pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob txawv teb chaws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv hauv lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm.
IgG yog dab tsi?
Immunoglobulin G lossis IgG yog cov chav kawm feem ntau ntawm immunoglobulin uas muaj ntau hauv cov kua dej thiab cov ntshav. Nws muaj cov concentration ntawm ntau tshaj 75%. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm IgG yog 150,000 D. IgG yog monomer, thiab cov chains hnyav ntawm IgG yog hom γ.
Daim duab 01: 2D thiab 3D qauv ntawm IgG
Muaj ob qhov chaw tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov subclasses ntawm IgG suav nrog IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, thiab IgG4. IgG yog tib hom immunoglobulin uas tuaj yeem hla cov placenta. IgG koom nrog hauv kev txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob txij li thaum me nyuam yaus thaum IgG tseem kis los ntawm leej niam mus rau tus menyuam thaum lactation. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm IgG yog koom nrog hauv opsonization thiab neutralization tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws kuj tseem koom nrog hauv kev ua kom cov lus teb thib ob thaum lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
IgM yog dab tsi?
Immunoglobulin M lossis IgM muaj cov qauv pentamer tshwj xeeb thiab yog li yog hom tshuaj tiv thaiv loj tshaj plaws. Muaj qhov hnyav molecular txog 900,000 D, nws suav txog ze li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov ntshav. Cov qauv pentamer tshwj xeeb pab txhawb 10 qhov chaw antigen-binding. Cov chains hnyav ntawm IgM yog tsim los ntawm hom μ. Nws kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv disulfide daim ntawv cog lus txuas txhua lub monomer.
Daim duab 02: IgM Ua kom muaj kab mob hauv cov kab mob
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm IgM yog txhawm rau qhib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thawj zaug. Nws kuj yog ib tug zoo activator ntawm lub complement system thiab koom nyob rau hauv agglutination. Yog li, IgM ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kis kab mob.
IgA yog dab tsi?
Immunoglobulin A lossis IgA yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dimeric uas muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb hu ua secretory element. Vim nws txoj kev teeb tsa, qhov hnyav molecular yog ntau dua li ntawm cov chav kawm antibody uas muaj cov qauv monomeric. Nws yog 385, 000.00 D. Nws muaj 4 qhov chaw antigen-binding nrog hnyav chains tsim los ntawm hom α. Nws muaj ob pawg: IgA1 thiab IgA2.
Daim duab 03: 3D Tus Qauv ntawm IgA
Vim nws lub peev xwm los ua lub luag haujlwm zais cia, hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev zais zis xws li kua muag, qaub ncaug, ua pa thiab plab hnyuv tawm, thiab cov qog ua kua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem muaj nyob hauv colostrum. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 15% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov chav kawm ntawm IgA cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. IgA tsis koom nrog hauv kev ua kom lub zog ntxiv; Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog qhia hauv cov ntaub so ntswg, tiv thaiv kev colonization ntawm cov kab mob txawv teb chaws xws li kab mob.
IgE yog dab tsi?
Immunoglobulin E lossis IgE yog hom immunoglobulin uas pom tsawg kawg hauv cov ntshav. Nws suav txog tsawg dua 0.01% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj immunoglobulins. Nws cov qauv yog monomeric, thiab cov saw hnyav yog tsim los ntawm hom ε. Ntxiv mus, nws qhov hnyav molecular yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 200, 000 D. IgE muaj ob qhov chaw antigen-binding zoo ib yam li IgG.
Daim duab 04: Kev lees paub sib txawv ntawm IgE
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm IgE yog txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev fab tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov lus teb rau cov mob xws li mob hawb pob thiab kub taub hau. Hauv qhov dav dav, kev ua kom IgE raug pom thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam hom I hypersensitivity. Hauv kev teb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob-antigen, kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj histamines tau nce. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog ntxiv. Nws kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kab mob parasitic.
IgD yog dab tsi?
Immunoglobulin D lossis IgD kuj yog ib qho monomeric immunoglobulin uas tsuas muaj 2 qhov chaw antigen-binding. Nws muaj qhov hnyav molecular qis tshaj plaws, nyob ib ncig ntawm 185, 000 D. IgD suav txog li <0.5% ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov ntshav. Cov saw hnyav yog tsim los ntawm hom δ. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm IgD tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis lawv feem ntau koom nrog hauv kev ua kom B hlwb thaum lub sij hawm hloov lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tsis qhib lub complement system. Lawv hla tsis tau lub cev.
IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD yog dab tsi?
- Txhua yam yog tsim los ntawm cov saw hnyav thiab lub teeb saw.
- YLawv yog glycoproteins.
- Ntxiv mus, txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem pab txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-antigen khi.
- Ntxiv ntxiv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-antigen-binding tau yooj yim vim muaj cov chaw antigen-binding nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.
- Txhua tus koom nrog ua kom lub zog tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Txhua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem kuaj pom siv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv kab mob xws li Xov Tooj Cua Immuno Assay (RIA) lossis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
- Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kab mob.
IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD yog hom saw hnyav txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj. IgG muaj γ hom ntawm cov saw hnyav; IgM muaj μ hom ntawm cov saw hnyav; IgA muaj α hom saw hnyav; IgE muaj ε hom saw hnyav, thiab IgD muaj δ hom saw hnyav. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov qauv txheej txheem kuj sib txawv, ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv molecular hnyav rau txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj txawv. Thaum IgG thiab IgM tuaj yeem qhib qhov system ntxiv, lwm hom tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau. Ntxiv mus, tsuas yog IgG tuaj yeem hla cov placenta.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – IgG vs IgM vs IgA vs IgE vs IgD
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog muab los ntawm B hlwb, thiab lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Muaj tsib chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas feem ntau sib txawv raws li hom saw hnyav uas lawv muaj. IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD muaj γ, μ, α, ε thiab δ hom hnyav chains, feem. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv kuj txawv ntawm lawv cov qauv xws li IgG, IgE, thiab IgD muaj cov qauv monomeric, IgM tau txais cov qauv pentameric, thiab IgA tau txais cov qauv dimeric. Txoj kev uas lawv qhib lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj txawv ntawm cov chav sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. IgG thiab IgM muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog ntxiv, tab sis lwm hom tsis yog. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm IgG IgM IgA IgE thiab IgD.
