Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAAT thiab PCR yog NAAT yog ib qho uas nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces siv ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase, kev hloov pauv, lossis kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv, thaum PCR yog ib txoj hauv kev nthuav dav cov khoom siv caj ces siv nkaus xwb. thermal cycling.
Cov kab mob feem ntau raug txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm lawv cov khoom siv caj ces. Feem ntau ntawm cov tswv yim hauv cheeb tsam no tsom mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv caj ces ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov kab ke tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, cov txiaj ntsig tau tsim sai heev hauv cov ntsiab lus kuaj mob. NAAT, PCR, biosensor, thiab LCR yog ob peb txoj kev siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam los nthuav cov genetic khoom ntawm cov kab mob.
NAAT yog dab tsi?
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) yog ib txoj hauv kev hauv molecular biology uas nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces siv ntau txoj hauv kev xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase saw, strand displacement amplification, lossis transcription-mediated amplification. Kev nthuav dav ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem xws li ligation saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab ceg DNA cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (quantiplex b DNA) hauv NAAT txheej txheem. NAAT siv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Watson-Crick puag ua khub. Hauv cov txheej txheem NAAT, ib qho kev sojntsuam ib leeg lossis primer molecule yog hybridized nrog lub hom phiaj DNA lossis RNA molecule. Yog li ntawd, qhov tsim ntawm qhov kev sojntsuam strand yog qhov tseem ceeb heev los txhim kho qhov rhiab heev thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kuaj pom. Tom qab ntawd, cov kauj ruam tom ntej ntawm NAAT nthuav tawm cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm kev ua ntau daim ntawv luam rau kev kuaj pom.
Figure 01: NAAT
NAAT tam sim no tau thov rau kev kuaj pom ntau yam kab mob xws li Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, thiab SARS-COV2. Ntxiv mus, NAAT xeem yog tsim los kom luv lub sij hawm lub qhov rais. Lub sij hawm lub qhov rais yog lub sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm thaum tus neeg mob tau kis tus kab mob thiab thaum lawv pom zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, NAAT txoj kev kuaj xyuas thawj zaug tau pom zoo hauv xyoo 1999 los ntawm FDA. NAAT muaj ntau yam zoo xws li, kuaj pom cov qib DNA lossis RNA tsawg, siab rhiab heev, thiab qhov tshwj xeeb.
YPCR yog dab tsi?
PCR yog ib txoj hauv kev hauv molecular biology uas nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces siv tsuas yog thermal cycling. PCR stands rau polymerase saw cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog ib qho kev sim los kuaj xyuas cov khoom siv caj ces los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb xws li kab mob, fungi, thiab kab mob. Hauv kev kuaj kab mob, PCR kuaj pom muaj tus kab mob yog tias tus neeg muaj kab mob thaum lub sijhawm kuaj. Hauv kev kuaj kab mob, PCR raws tu qauv muaj ob peb kauj ruam, suav nrog kev sau cov qauv, kev rho tawm DNA, PCR, thiab sib txuas. Hauv kev kuaj kab mob, cov qauv sau tau siv los rho cov khoom siv caj ces (DNA lossis RNA). Cov txheej txheem PCR xav tau cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, primers, thiab enzymes txhawm rau tsim ntau lab daim ntawv theej ntawm cov khoom siv caj ces hauv lub tshuab PCR hu ua thermal cycler. Thaum nthuav tawm los ntawm cov khoom PCR, cov kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom. Cov kws tshawb fawb siv software tshwj xeeb los txhais cov txiaj ntsig.
Daim duab 02: PCR
Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau hom PCR tam sim no siv hauv kev tshawb fawb. RT-PCR, Multiplex PCR, RAPD, thiab Nested PCR yog ob peb ntawm lawv. PCR muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov kab mob pharyngitis (Streptococcl pharyngitis), atypical pneumonia (Chlymydia pneumoniae), qhua pias (Morbillivirus), kab mob siab (HBV), thiab kab mob urogenital (Haemophilus ducreyi).
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm NAAT thiab PCR?
- NAAT thiab PCR yog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb molecular uas siv los nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces.
- Nucleic acids (DNA lossis RNA) tau nthuav dav los ntawm ob txoj kev.
- Lawv yog cov txheej txheem nrawm thiab nrawm.
- Ob txoj kev tam sim no siv rau kev kuaj mob.
- Lawv kim dua li cov txheej txheem.
Qhov txawv ntawm NAAT thiab PCR yog dab tsi?
NAAT yog ib txoj hauv kev hauv molecular biology uas nthuav dav cov khoom siv caj ces siv ntau txoj hauv kev, thaum PCR yog ib txoj hauv kev molecular biology uas nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces siv tsuas yog thermal cycling. NAAT siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase saw, strand displacement amplification, transcription-mediated amplification, ligation chain reaction, thiab branched DNA reaction (quantiplex b DNA). Ntawm qhov tod tes, PCR siv cov txheej txheem sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv xws li RT-PCR. Multiplex PCR, RAPD, Nested PCR. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAAT thiab PCR.
Cov duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm NAAT thiab PCR hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – NAAT vs PCR
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv roj ntsha molecular siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam kom nthuav dav cov ntaub ntawv caj ces. NAAT, PCR, biosensor, thiab LCR yog ob peb txoj kev. NAAT yog cov txheej txheem lom neeg molecular uas nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces siv ntau txoj hauv kev xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerase saw, strand displacement, lossis transcription-mediated amplification. PCR yog ib txoj hauv kev hauv molecular biology uas nthuav cov khoom siv caj ces siv thermal cycling. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm NAAT thiab PCR.
